Solid-phase microextraction headspace

Figure 11.14 Analysis of amphetamines by GC-NPD following HS-SPME exti action from human hair (a) Normal hair (b) normal hair after addition of amphetamine (1.5 ng) and methamphetamine (16.1 ng) (c) hair of an amphetamine abuser. Peak identification is as follows 1, a-phenethylamine (internal standard) 2, amphetamine 3, methamphetamine 4, N-propyl-/3-phenethyamine (internal standard). Reprinted from Journal of Chronatography, B 707,1. Koide et ai, Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas cliromatography with niti ogen-phosphoms detection, pp. 99 -104, copyright 1998, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Lu, G. et al.. Quantitative determination of geosmin in red beets (Beta vulgaris L.) using headspace solid-phase microextraction, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1021, 2003. 

Applications The potential of a variety of direct solid sampling methods for in-polymer additive analysis by GC has been reviewed and critically evaluated, in particular, static and dynamic headspace, solid-phase microextraction and thermal desorption [33]. It has been reported that many more products were identified after SPME-GC-MS than after DHS-GC-MS [35], Off-line use of an amino SPE cartridge for sample cleanup and enrichment, followed by TLC, has allowed detection of 11 synthetic colours in beverage products at sub-ppm level [36], SFE-TLC was also used for the analysis of a vitamin oil mixture [16]. 

Classification of wines according to the grape variety succeeds better, in general, because there are many more typical bouquet components (several hundreds) than mineral and trace elements being typical for the origin of wine. The organic compounds can be analyzed easily and reliably by Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Capillary Gas Chromatography and afterwards used for classification (De la Calle et al. [1998]). An example... 

S. Hamm, J. Bleton, A. Tchapla, Headspace solid phase microextraction for screening for the presence of resins in Egyptian archaeological samples, Journal of Separation Science, 27,235 243 (2004). 

A. Lattuati Derieux, S. Thao, J. Langlois, M. Regert, First results on headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of volatile organic compounds emitted by wax objects in museums, Journal of Chromatography A, 1187, 239 249 (2008). 

Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). With this extraction technique, it is possible to concentrate volatile compounds thus allowing their detection even at trace levels, as in the case of volatile and semi-volatile terpenes in archaeological findings [7,31]. Chapter 10 outlines how resinous materials are investigated using HS-SPME-GC/MS. 

M. Regert, V. Alexandre, N. Thomas, A. Lattuati Derieux, Molecular characterisation of birch bark tar by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spec trometry a new way for identifying archaeological glues, J. Chromatogr., A, 1101, 245 253 (2006). 

Y. F. Sha, S. Chen, G. L. Duan, Rapid determination of tramadol in human plasma by headspace solid phase microextraction and capillary gas chromatography mass spectrometry, J. Pharrn. Biomed. Anal., 37, 143 147 (2005). 

G. A. Mills, V. Walker, Headspace solid phase microextraction procedures for gas chromato graphic analysis of biological fluids and materials, J. Chromatogr. A, 902, 267 287 (2000). 

Z. Zhang, J. Pawliszyn, Analysis of organic compounds in environmental samples using headspace solid phase microextraction, J. High Resol. Chromatogr., 16, 689 692 (1993). 

D. Zabaras, S. G. Wyllie, Quantitative analysis of terpenoids in the gas phase using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS SPME), Flavour Fragr. J., 16, 411 416 (2001). 

J. Ai, Headspace solid phase microextraction. Dynamics and quantitative analysis before reaching a partition equilibrium, Anal. Chem., 69, 3260 (1997). 

Zhang, Z. and Pawliszyn, J. (1993) Headspace solid-phase microextraction. Anal.Chem. 65, 1843-1852. 

Wei M-C, Jen J-F. Determination of chlorophenols in soil samples by microwave-assisted extraction coupled to headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-electro-capture detection. J. Chromatogr. A 2003 1012 111-118. 

Eriksson M, Faldt J, Dalhammar G, Borg-Karlson A-K. Determination of hydrocarbons in old creosote contaminated soil using headspace solid phase microextraction and GC-MS. Chemosphere 2001 44 71641-71648. 

Koide I, Noguchi O, Okada K, Yokoyama A, Oda H, et al. 1998. Determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine in human hair by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with nitrogen—phosphorus detection. J Chromatogr B 707 99. 

Wilson JB (1970) Adjustment in the smoke pH of Winston cigarettes. Available from http // ltdlimages,library,ucsf,edu/imagesm/m/e/z/mez65d00/Smez65d00.pdf. Accessed 17 July 2007 Zhang Z, Pawliszyn J (1993) Headspace solid phase microextraction. Anal Chem 65 1843-1852... 

Source Identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe Cucumis melo wur. reticulates cv. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001). 

Identified as one of 140 volatile constituents in used soybean oils collected from a processing plant that fried various beef, chicken, and veal products (Takeoka et al., 1996). Also identified among 139 volatile compounds identified in cantaloupe Cucumis melo vslV. reticulates cm. Sol Real) using an automated rapid headspace solid phase microextraction method (Beaulieu and Grimm, 2001). 

Excerpt 4C is taken from an article in Analytical Chemistry. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HSSPME) is coupled with GC to quantify polychlorinated biphenyls (RGBs) in milk. The RGBs are volatilized out of the liquid phase (milk) into the gas phase (headspace) and concentrated on an SPME fiber. The concentrated RGBs on the fiber are then injected into the GG. 

HSSPIVIE Headspace solid-phase microextraction a preconcentration technique that concentrates volatile analytes on a fiber than can be inserted directly into a GC... 

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