Systemic lupus erythematosus, antibody

Hydantoln anticonvulsants may cause the appearance of positive L.E. cells and methemoglobinemia. Chloropromazlne has been Implicated In causing a syndrome like systemic lupus erythematosus with accompanying positive tests for L.E. cells and antinuclear antibodies (6). 

Immunological abnormalities were reported in 23 adults in Woburn, Massachusetts, who were exposed to contaminated well water and who were family members of children with leukemia (Byers et al. 1988). These immunological abnormalities, tested for 5 years after well closure, included persistent lymphocytosis, increased numbers of T-lymphocytes, and depressed helper suppressor T-cell ratio. Auto-antibodies, particularly anti-nuclear antibodies, were detected in 11 of 23 adults tested. This study is limited by the possible bias in identifying risk factors for immunological abnormalities in a small, nonpopulation-based group identified by leukemia types. Other limitations of this study are described in Section 2.2.2.8. A study of 356 residents of Tucson, Arizona, who were exposed to trichloroethylene (6-500 ppb) and other chemicals in well water drawn from the Santa Cmz aquifer found increased frequencies of 10 systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms, 5 (arthritis, Raynaud s phenomenon, malar rash, skin lesions related to sun exposure, seizure or convulsions) of which were statistically significant (Kilbum and Warshaw 1992). 

Kilbum KH, Warshaw RH. 1992. Prevalence of symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and of fluorescent antinuclear antibodies associated with chronic exposure to trichloroethylene and other chemicals in well water. Environ Res 57 1-9. 

Vaarala, O., Alfthan, G., Jauhiainen, M., Leirisalo-Repo, M., Aho, K. and Palosuo, T. (1993). Cross-reaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lancet 341, 923-925. 

OCs do not increase the risk of flare among women with stable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and without antiphospholipid/anticardiolipin antibodies. 

Other clinical trials with CCR2 antagonists are underway [1], but no reports have been forthcoming. Both MLN-1202, a humanized anti-CCR2 antibody, and MK-0812, a small molecule antagonist, were examined in rheumatoid arthritis (vide supra) and are also being examined in multiple sclerosis. Two additional small molecules - CCX-915 and INCB-8696 - have entered phase 1 trials with multiple sclerosis as a projected phase 2 trial. An intention to study INCB-8696 in systemic lupus erythematosus has also been declared. Finally, phase 2 clinical... 

As a high incidence of arteriovenous thrombosis is described in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Matsuda et al. (Ml8) tried to demonstrate a relationship between the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies and Lp(a) concentrations. They found that serum Lp(a) concentrations were increased in patients with SLE independent of the presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Borba et al. (B18) confirmed these findings and also could not correlate Lp(a) concentrations with anti-cardiolipid antibodies. 

M18. Matsuda, J., Gotoh, M., Gohchi, K., Saitoh, N., and Tsukamoto, M.. Serum lipoprotein(a) level is increased in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus irrespective of positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies. Thromb. Res. 73, 83-84 (1994). 

The most common side effects, which are related to the intravenous infusion itself, include rash, low blood pressure, chills, and chest pain. These symptoms are generally temporary and often respond to a decrease in infusion rate. In addition, some patients develop antibodies, which have been associated in rare cases with symptoms similar to those of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. These symptoms were also temporary. Another side effect is increased risk of infections. Fatal cases of tuberculosis have been reported following infliximab therapy. Another potential side effect is an increased risk of lymphoma. Its occurrence remains controversial. 

Azathioprine and mercaptopurine appear to be of definite benefit in maintaining renal allografts and may be of value in transplantation of other tissues. These antimetabolites have been used with some success in the management of acute glomerulonephritis and in the renal component of systemic lupus erythematosus. They have also proved useful in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The drugs have been of occasional use in prednisone-resistant antibody-mediated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemias. 

The effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs in autoimmune disorders varies widely. Nonetheless, with immunosuppressive therapy, remissions can be obtained in many instances of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto s thyroiditis, and temporal arteritis. Improvement is also often seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, acute glomerulonephritis, acquired factor VIII inhibitors (antibodies), rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory myopathy, scleroderma, and certain other autoimmune states. 

Patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus make autoantibodies directed against the Sm proteins of snRNP particles.552,553 Antibodies from different patients vary in tiieir specificities, making these antibodies a useful tool in the isolation and study of snRNAs and their protein complexes.552,554... 

Myasthenia gravis, Graves disease, and type I diabetes are organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Another group of autoimmune diseases are systemic, affecting many tissues. For example, in the severe systemic lupus erythematosus there are often antibodies against the victim s own DNA 487 488a The... 

Type III Reactions These reactions involve the presence of antigen-antibody complexes, particularly those formed as a result of the production of autoantibodies. These complexes deposit in various tissues and involve inflammatory cells as well as complement, resulting in tissue damage due to the production of proteolytic enzymes by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. A number of autoimmune diseases result from these reactions. Some clinical examples include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, immune complex glomerulonephritis, Arthus reaction and serum sickness. 

Asherson RA, Harris NE, Gharavi AE, Hughes GR. Systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid antibodies, chorea, and oral contraceptives. Arthritis Rheum 1986 29(12) 1535-6. 

The anti-phospholipid syndrome refers to a range of autoimmune conditions which are characterised by venous or arterial thrombosis, recurrent strokes, pulmonary embolism, recurrent pregnancy loss or obstetric complications and the presence of circulating antibodies with specificity to a range of phospholipids including phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin. The syndrome is the leading cause of vascular thrombosis in children. It sometimes accompanies other autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 

Bizzaro, N., Tonutti, E., Villalta, D., Tampoia, M., and R. Tozzoli, 2005, Prevalence and clinical correlation of anti-phospholipid-binding protein antibodies in anticardiolipin-negative patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and women with unexplained recurrent miscarriages. Arch Pathol Lab Med.l29(l) 61-8. 

Nojima, J., Kuratsune, H., Suehisa, E., Futsukaichi, Y., Yamanishi, H., Machii, T., Iwatani, Y., and Y. Kanakura, 2001, Association between the prevalence of antibodies to beta(2)-glycoprotein I, prothrombin, protein C, protein S, and annexin V in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and thrombotic and thrombocytopenic complications. Clin Chem. 47(6) 1008-15. 

Sahin, M., Duzgun, N., Tunc, S.E. and H. Tutkak, 2006, Clinical manifestations and antiphos-phatidylserine antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus is there an association Clin Rheumatol. (Epub ahead of print)... 

Although an association between maternal connective tissue disease and cardiac involvement in neonatal lupus was suspected as early as 1901 (M22), the association between skin disease in an infant and maternal autoimmune disease was not reported until more than 50 years later. McCuistion and Schoch (M13) described an infant with a scaly erythematosus rash whose mother had systemic lupus erythematosus. The typical association of maternal antibodies to Ro/SSA was described for congenital heart block (CHB) several decades later in 1983 (R5, S8). 

A15. Alspaugh, M. A., and Maddison, P., Resolution of the identity of certain antigen-antibody systems in systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren s syndrome An interlaboratory collaboration. Arthritis Rheum. 22, 796-798 (1979). 

A19. Amoura, Z., Piette, J.-C., Chabre, H., Cacoub, P., Papo, T., et at., Circulating plasma levels of nucleosomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus Correlation with serum antinucle-osome antibody titers and absence of clear association with disease activity. Arthritis Rheum. 40,2217-2225 (1997). 

B11. Bengtsson, A. A., Sturfelt, G., Truedsson, L., Blomberg, J., Aim, G., etal., Activation of type I interferon system in systemic lupus erythematosus correlates with disease activity but not with antiretroviral antibodies. Lupus 9, 664-671 (2000). 

B17. Blomberg, J., Nived, O., Pipkorn, R., Bengtsson, A., Erlinge, D., and Sturfelt, G., Increased antiretroviral antibody reactivity in sera from a defined population of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Correlation with autoantibodies and clinical manifestations. Arthritis Rheum. 37, 57-66 (1994). 

---