Vascular thrombosis

Mild diarrhea and itching have been reported with the administration of vitamin B12. Other adverse reactions that may be seen include a marked increase in RBC production, acne, peripheral vascular thrombosis, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary edema... 

Inflammatory reactions Ischaemic injury Vascular thrombosis... 

Monitor for evidence of cerebral edema, noncardiogenic (permeability) pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, and vascular thrombosis... 

Radomski, A. et al. (2005) Nanopartide-induced platelet aggregation and vascular thrombosis. British Jornal of Pharmacology, 146 (6), 882-893. 

Nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation and vascular thrombosis. Brit J Pharmacol 146 882-893. 

Visual abnormalities Retinal vascular thrombosis has been reported. Discontinue medication pending examination if there is sudden partial or complete loss of vision or a sudden onset of proptosis, diplopia, or migraine. 

Dehydration Excessive diuresis may result in dehydration and reduction in blood volume with circulatory collapse and the possibility of vascular thrombosis and... 

Detection of thrombus is another clinically important goal. Contrast enhancement of vascular thrombosis has been achieved with a microbubble having a small peptide covalently attached to its surface that selectively binds to the GPIIb/llla fibrinogen receptor expressed on the surface of activated platelets that attach to thrombi. 

Peripheral vascular thrombosis, pulmonary edema, hypokalemia, and CHF may oc-... 

Contraindications Hypovolemic states (unless as an emergency measure), mesenteric or peripheral vascular thrombosis, profound hypoxia... 

The anti-phospholipid syndrome refers to a range of autoimmune conditions which are characterised by venous or arterial thrombosis, recurrent strokes, pulmonary embolism, recurrent pregnancy loss or obstetric complications and the presence of circulating antibodies with specificity to a range of phospholipids including phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin. The syndrome is the leading cause of vascular thrombosis in children. It sometimes accompanies other autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). 

Eitzman DT, Westrick RJ, Nabel EG, Ginsburg D (2000) Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and vitronectin promote vascular thrombosis in mice. Blood 95 577-580 Zheng X, Sunders TL, Camper S A et al. (1995) Vitronectin is not essential for normal mammalian development and fertility. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92 12426-12430... 

Cocaine abuse is a risk factor for myocardial ischemia, infarction, and dysrhythmias, as well as pulmonary edema, ruptured aortic aneurysm, infectious endocarditis, vascular thrombosis, myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (35). 

Cardiovascular Pulmonary edema, peripheral vascular thrombosis... 

Cocaine abuse is a risk factor for myocardial ischemia, infarction, and dysrhythmias, as well as pulmonary edema, ruptured aortic aneurysm, infectious endocarditis, vascular thrombosis, myocarditis, and dilated cardiomyopathy (32). Acutely, cocaine suppresses myocardial contractility, reduces coronary caliber and coronary blood flow, induces electrical abnormalities in the heart, and increases heart rate and blood pressure. These effects can lead to myocardial ischemia (33,34). However, intranasal cocaine in doses used medicinally or recreationally does not have a deleterious effect on intracardiac pressures or left ventricular performance (35). 

Mild local phlebitis sometimes occurs at intravenous sites of administration of GM-CSF. Central venous catheter site thrombosis, inferior vena cava thrombosis, and possible pulmonary embolism have sometimes been observed (5,18). Although chemotherapy for breast cancer is associated with a higher risk of developing vascular thrombosis, iliac artery thrombosis was attributed to GM-CSF in two patients (19). 

A mild form of polycythemia with peripheral vascular thrombosis has been described in patients with pernicious anemia treated with high doses of vitamin B12 (4). 

Necrotic phase This phase occurs 1-4 days after injury. Cells die from coagulation of intracellular protein. Vascular thrombosis and bacterial invasion may worsen the underlying injury. The esophagus is especially vulnerable to perforation during this phase. 

Radomski A, Jurasz P, Alonso-Escolano D, et al. Nanoparticle-induced platelet aggregation and vascular thrombosis. Br J Pharmacol 2005 146 882-893. 

Nemmar, A., Hoylaerts, M. F, Hoet, P. H., Vermylen, J., and Nemery, B. (2003). Size effect of intra-tracheally instilled particles on pulmonary inflammation and vascular thrombosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 186, 38-45. 

Transient protein C deficiency can be induced when initiating treatment with warfarin because factors VII and protein C have the shortest half-lives of the coagulation factors (Table VII-1-2). Consequently, the extrinsic pathway and protein C system are inactivated, whereas the intrinsic system remains active for a few days. Hypercoagulability occurs (Figure VII-1-2), which may result in dermal vascular thrombosis and skin necrosis. 

Answer C. Warfarin inhibits the hepatic synthesis of factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX, and X. Its onset of anticoagulation activity is slow, and its impact on individual coagulation factors depends on their half-lives. Factor VII and protein C have much shorter half-lives than prothrombin, and so the extrinsic pathway and protein C system are the first to be affected by warfarin. The intrinsic pathway continues to function for 2 to 3 days, causing a state of hypercoagulability with possible vascular thrombosis. 

Eitzman D.T., Bodary P.F., Shen Y., Khairallah C.G., Wild S.R., Abe A., Shaffer-Hartman J., Shayman J.A., Fabry disease in mice is associated with age-dependent susceptibility to vascular thrombosis. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 14 (2003) 298-302. 

ACUTE HEALTH RISKS corrosive to respiratory tract sore throat coughing labored breathing dizziness cyanosis (bluish skin) faintness gastrointestinal disturbances abdominal pain nausea vomiting diarrhea weakness vertigo hemolytic anemia (breakdown of red blood cells) kidney damage injury to liver jaundice vascular thrombosis destructive to eye tissue. 

SY Skin sens, hemolytic anemia, dysp, cyan jaun kidney damage vascular thrombosis [care]... 

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