Glomerulonephritis acute

Nonsuppurative complications such as acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, and reactive arthritis may occur as a result of pharyngitis with Group A Streptococcus. 

Edema Adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure (CHF), hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. Useful in edema due to renal dysfunction (eg, nephrotic syndrome, acute glomerulonephritis, chronic renal failure). 

Acute glomerulonephritis Prednisone,1 mercaptopurine, cyclophosphamide Usually good... 

Azathioprine and mercaptopurine appear to be of definite benefit in maintaining renal allografts and may be of value in transplantation of other tissues. These antimetabolites have been used with some success in the management of acute glomerulonephritis and in the renal component of systemic lupus erythematosus. They have also proved useful in some cases of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn s disease, and multiple sclerosis. The drugs have been of occasional use in prednisone-resistant antibody-mediated idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune hemolytic anemias. 

The effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs in autoimmune disorders varies widely. Nonetheless, with immunosuppressive therapy, remissions can be obtained in many instances of autoimmune hemolytic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, type 1 diabetes, Hashimoto s thyroiditis, and temporal arteritis. Improvement is also often seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, acute glomerulonephritis, acquired factor VIII inhibitors (antibodies), rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory myopathy, scleroderma, and certain other autoimmune states. 

Azathioprine is an effective agent in suppressing the immune system in patients undergoing renal transplantation and in patients suffering from acute glomerulonephritis, the renal component of systemic lupus erythematosus, prednisone-resistant idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, and functioning autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Azathioprine depresses bone marrow functioning, which is its chief side effect. 

Calculi in the urinary tract Acute gastroenteritis Acute pancreatitis Lumbar pain Acute pyelonephritis Acute glomerulonephritis Acute renal failure Edema Acute appendicitis Peritonitis Trauma... 

Howenstine JA (1960) Exertion-induced myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria simulation of acute glomerulonephritis. JAMA 173 493-499... 

Eike SEE, PAN has a wide range of clinical manifestations. These include fever, weight loss, severe abdominal and musculoskeletal pain, tachycardia, acute glomerulonephritis, polyneuritis, myocardial inferction, and such pulmonary manifestations as bronchial asthma. The frequency of this disease is approximately 8 per 1,000 population, but the clinical diagnosis rate is considerably lower than postmortem studies suggest. In the United States incidence is reported to range from 3 to 4.5 cases per 100,000 population per year. Renal involvement is one of the most common and devastating aspects of... 

Rheumatic fever is caused by a large number of types of Group A streptococci and immunity is type-specific. Recurrent attacks are commonly due to infection with different strains of these, all of which are sensitive to penicillin and so chemoprophylaxis is effective. Acute glomerulonephritis is also due to group A streptococci. But only a few types cause it, so that natural immunity is more likely to protect and, in fact, second attacks are rare. Therefore, chemoprophylaxis is not used (see also p. 239). 

Acute glomerulonephritis (50) and minimal-change nephrotic sjmdrome (51) have been attributed to hepatitis B vaccine. 

Microscopic examination of the sediment obtained from the centrifugation of a fresh urine sample wiU show the presence of a few cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and cells derived from the kidney and urinary tract), casts (composed predominantly of Tamm-HorsfaU glycoprotein [THG]), and possibly fat or pigmented particles. An increase in red cells or casts unplies hematuria, possibly caused by glomerular disease white cells or casts imply the presence of white cells in the tubules. Inflammation of the upper urinary tract may result in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and various types of casts, and in lower urinary tract inflammation the casts will not be present. In acute glomerulonephritis, hematuria may... 

Acute glomerulonephritis Acute rheumatic fever Bronchopneumonia [3]... 

Roth spots Endocarditis Acute intrinsic renal failure—acute glomerulonephritis... 

Parra G, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Batsford S, et al. Antibody to streptococcal zymogen in the serum of patients with acute glomerulonephritis a multicentric study. Kidney Int 1998 54 509-517. 

Acute glomerulonephritis is associated with the sudden onset of proteinuria, hematuria, and the appearance of red cell casts in urine. Demonstration of the presence of red cell casts in the urinary sediment establishes the presence of active glomerular inflammation. Proteinuria is a characteristic finding in glomerulonephritis, with levels ranging from 0.5 to 3.0 g per day. Proteinuria in excess of 2.5 g per day characteristic of nephrotic syndrome are found in some cases of glomerulonephritis. 

Eight months after an attack of acute glomerulonephritis, a. S-year-old housewife was hospitalized for investigation of progressive bilateral leg oedema. On examination, she was normotensive and exhibited pitting oedema of both ankles and dullness over her lung bases. Her face was pale and puffy and she admitted to frequent minor intercurrent infections. 

THERAPEUTIC USES Thiazide diuretics are used to treat edema associated with heart (congestive heart failure), liver (cirrhosis), and renal (nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure, and acute glomerulonephritis) disease. With the possible exceptions of metolazone and indapamide, most thiazide diuretics are ineffective when the GFR is <30-40 mL/min. 

Soylu, A., et al.. Posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in poststreptococcal acute glomerulonephritis. Pediatr Nephrol, 2001. 16(7) p. 601-3. 

The interaction that results in neutralisation of the thrombolytics is established and clinically important. One author says that clinically, therapy is not repeated within a year as it would not work. Given that it has been suggested that the effects may be very persistent, it would seem prudent, if a second use is needed, to use a thrombolytic with less antigenic effects such as alteplase. The British National Formulary says that streptokinase should not be used again beyond 4 days of the first use of either streptokinase or anistreplase. In addition, the manufacturer recommends avoidance of streptokinase in patients who have had recent streptococcal infections that have produced high anti-streptokinase titres, such as acute rheumatic fever or acute glomerulonephritis. ... 

LPS-induced acute dermatitis Lung reperfusion injury IL-l/LPS-induced acute arthritis Immune complex-mediated acute glomerulonephritis PPD-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity Endotoxemia-induced ARDS-like lung injury Cerebral reperfusion injury Endotoxin-induced pleurisy Acid aspiration-induced lung injury... 

Acute glomerulonephritis Congestive heart failure Increased resorption Hyperaldosteronemia... 

This can occur as a result of a number of factors. These include acute glomerulonephritis, haemorrhages, septicaemia, mismatched transfusions or post renal obstruction (e.g. stones). 

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