Surface ships

Burns, R.S. (1991) A Multivariable Mathematical Model for Simulating the Total Motion of Surface Ships. In Proc. European Simulation Multiconference, The Society for Computer Simulation International, Copenhagen, Denmark, 17-19 June. 

Burns, R.S. (1995) The Use of Artificial Networks for the Intelligent Optimal Control of Surface Ships, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 20(1) Special Issue Advanced Control Signal Processing for Oceanic Applications, 20(1), pp. 66-72. 

Burns, R.S. (1997) The Application of Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Modelling and Control of Surface Ships. In Proc. 11th Ship Control Systems Symposium, Southampton UK, April, 1, 77-83. 

Burns, R.S. and Richter, R. (1995) A Neural Network Approach to the Control of Surface Ships, Journal of Control Engineering Practice, International Federation of Automatic Control, Elsevier Science, 4(3), pp. 411M16. 

Electric power (stationary or portable plants), desalination, propulsion of submarines and surface ships... 

The U.S. Navy has had an admirable performance record with its fleet of nuclear surface ships and submarines. There are major differences in the size of the nuclear systems used by the U.S. Navy. The Nautilus submarine used a 60 megawatt reactor which was scaled up to 600, 900 and then over 1000 megawatts for commercial power plants. 

Another area of much interest is the adhesion of ice to solids. This system is obviously of much interest in general everyday phenomena (tire friction on road surfaces, ice on metal surfaces, ships, etc.). Especially of interest is the adhesion of ice on ships sailing in the cold areas, and on wings of airplanes. Investigations have shown that the adhesive bonds between clean metal surface and ice are very strong. When the ice is removed by force, it breaks, leaving a thin layer of ice on the solid layer. 

Harpoon Antiship Missile (US Navy). THE NAVY S HARPOON ANTISHIP MISSILE (McDonnell Douglas) has completed six of twenty scheduled full-scale flight tests following many launchings to test techniques and components (CD, October 1972). Harpoon has been fired successfully in its basic form from aircraft with a 300-pound, 30-inch booster from surface ships and from submarine torpedo tubes, with folded wings and booster enclosed in a buoyant capsule... 

Wartime experience quickly exposed the hazards facing surface ships. The first action between the British and German navies was the sinking by gunfire of the minelayer Koenigin Luise on 5 August, followed by the... 

Notes Excluding monitors and minelayers, and all surface ships of under 1,000 tons. 

Admiralty views on future battleship design unduly conservative an Admiralty paper for the Cabinet in July 1945 stated that it was likely that the battleship of the future would bear little resemblance to capital ships of the Second World War for example, if the rocket replaced the gun it might be possible to build a smaller ship to fulfil the function of destroying the most powerful surface ships of the enemy. ... 

The Buccaneer, with its capacity to carry nuclear weapons, was central to the Admiralty s vision of the aircraft carrier as the modem equivalent of the capital ship. In a remarkable paper, dated 2 March 1954, the Admiralty set out its views on expected trends in naval weapons down to the end of 1965. The news of the American hydrogen-bomb tests came too late to influence the paper, which, however, assumed that atomic weapons would be plentiful that the importance of air attack would increase but that long-range detection of submarines and torpedo countermeasures would reduce the underwater threat to surface ships. It was predicted that by the 1960s carrier-borne aircraft would carry nuclear weapons and would contribute to the strategic air offensive aircraft and 200-mile-range anti-ship missiles would have begun to... 

A 184 — 600cm 533mm - - - - Wire Guided Active/Passive Sonar A/S or A/Surface Ship or S/M... 

As Mitra (2004) pointed out, the Indian oceanic experiment (INDOEX) was the first complex problem-oriented observational international program aimed mainly at studies of the aerosol-induced radiative and climatic forcing of regional and global climate that take respective feedbacks into account. The preliminary stage of the accomplishment of INDOEX began in 1996-1997, and the basic part of complex observations was accomplished in 1998-1999 with the participation of specialists from different countries (India, U.S.A., Western Europe, Mauritius, and the Maldives). The obtained results were based on the use of surface, ship, aircraft, and satellite observational means. 

The critical value of the Froude number shows why decent surface speeds are off-limits for the sizes of most of Nature s vessels and why even air breathers mostly swim submerged. An occasional animal porpoises up and down through the interface or planes on the surface, but only a large whale could consider migrating as a surface ship. 

It is difficult to quantify the risks associated with escape from a disabled submarine, however, it is known that attempting such an escape would be extremely dangerous. Because of the substantial risks associated with escape, the Navy s policy is that, if conditions allow, the crew of a submerged disabled submarine should wait for rescue (U.S. Navy 1998), which can be accomplished by the use of a deep submergence rescue vehicle (DSRV) or a submarine rescue chamber (SRC). The DSRV is a mini submarine that can go to a depth of 2,000 ft. It is attached to the disabled submarine, and 24 crew members are taken at a time from the submarine to a surface ship or to another submarine. The Navy currently has one DSRV, which is kept in San Diego, California. Depending on where in the world a disabled submarine is located, it can take up to 10 d for the DSRV to be transported to a site for rescue. The SRC can be used to a depth of 850 ft. It is lowered to the disabled submarine from a surface ship and can transport 6 crew members at a time to the surface. 

Establishment of an Automated Diy Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel of Dismantled Nuclear Submarines and Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships in Geological Stmctures of the Northwest Russia... 

In addition, the participants of the fourth ARW heard the very first results from the team developing a Strategic Master-plan ( Master-plan ) for complex decommissioning of Russian nuclear submarines, nuclear-powered surface ships, service vessels and civil-fleet icebreakers. 

IMPLEMENTATION OE THE CONCEPT AND THE PROGRAM OF COMPLEX DECOMMISSIONING OF NUCLEAR SUBMARINES, NUCLEAR-POWERED SURFACE SHIPS AND MAINTENANCE VESSELS AND REHABILITATION OF RADIATION-HAZARDOUS FACILITIES MAIN RESULTS AND UNRESOLVED PROBLEMS... 

Order of Transferring to Work Executors of NSs, NPSS, Diesel Subs, Surface Ships and Maintenance Vessels Withdrawn from Service in the Russian Navy and of MoD facilities Used for Temporary Storage of SNF, SRW and LRW and... 

By the turn of 2003 two Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships (NPSSs) were withdrawn from military service one NPSS in the Northwest region and the other one in the Pacific region. 

CONCEPT OF COMPLEX DECOMMISSIONING OF CIVIL NUCLEAR POWERED SURFACE SHIPS AND MAINTENANCE VESSELS... 

Main factors influencing the choice of the concept of complex decommissioning of nuclear-powered surface ships (NPSS)... 

Under accident-free haulage of NSs, Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships (NPSSs), Reactor Compartment (RC) units, nuclear Maintenance Vessels (MVs) and Radioactive Waste (RW) as well as during defueling operations the radiation impact on population is virtually lacking, and the radiation risk does not exceed an unconditionally acceptable level of 110 [1]. However in a case of emergency the radiation risk would increase potentially reaching 6010 - 7000 10 that would be unacceptable for population (acceptable risk < 50T0 [1]) (Table. 2). 

Established by a special decree of the RF Government, DalRAO is Rosatom s representative in the Far East Russia and the main executor of works related to -management of SNF, Solid Radioactive Waste (SRW) and Eiquid Radioactive Waste (FRW) produced in the course of complex decommissioning of NSs and Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships (NPSSs) and -environmental rehabilitation of radiation-hazardous objects in the Far East Russia. 

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