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Subject measurement

Electrochemical techniques in vivo use the standard three electrode voltammetric system described earlier with the electrodes implanted in the brain of the animal subject. Measurements are made by acquiring some stable baseline signal and then stimulating release of the biogenic amine neurotransmitters. The change in signal is then a measure of the concentration of neurotransmitter in the extracellular fluid. [Pg.35]

For this reason, a number of analysts uses a further limit quantity, namely the limit of quantification, xLq, (limit of determination), from which on the analyte can be determined quantitatively with a certain given precision (Kaiser [1965, 1966] Long and Winefordner [1983] Currie [1992, 1995, 1997] IUPAC [1995] Ehrlich and Danzer [2006]). This limit is not a general one like the critical value and the detection limit which are defined on an objective basis. In contrast, the limit of quantification is a subjective measure depending on the precision, expressed by the reciprocal uncertainty xLq/AxLq = k, which is needed and set in advance. The limit of quantification can be estimated from blank measurements according to... [Pg.231]

Theberge,J.,Al-Semaan,Y.,Williamson, P.C. etal. Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS. Am. J. Psychiat. 160 2231-2233, 2003. [Pg.958]

Subjective measures of drug response include the number of painful episodes, amount of rapid-acting nitroglycerin consumed, and patient-reported alterations in activities of daily living (e.g., time to walk two blocks, number of stairs climbed without pain). [Pg.155]

Patient adherence to therapeutic regimens, side effects, potential drug interactions, and subjective measures of quality of life must also be evaluated. [Pg.943]

D4. Dunn, M. S., Camien, M. N., Shankman, S., and Block, H., Urinary excretion of twelve amino acids by normal male and female subjects measured microbiologically. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 13, 207-210 (1947). [Pg.147]

Thus prototype evaluation was performed using a variety of standardized tests, including various objective and subjective measures. Many of these laboratory tests were already being used to assess attributes of other products, either as quality control tests for ordinary soap bars or else in the development of detergent-based household products like laundry detergents or hard-surface cleansers. [Pg.280]

Some tests, like lather volume, involved objective laboratory measurements. For example, a technician might produce lather by a prescribed washing procedure intended to consistently reproduce the same motions, and this lather volume would be measured in a graduated cylinder to give an objective measure [12], Other tests, like wet bar feel, required the subjective measurement of trained assessors. For example, the wet feel of a bar would be subjectively characterized as draggy or slippery by an expert panel of evaluators [13]. [Pg.280]

THC produced small but consistent detrimental effects and increased the variability of performance on a battery of sensory and perceptual-motor tests (Peters et al. 1976). This mild effect is in contrast to the profound subjective effects concurrently reported on subjective measures... [Pg.429]

Foo FI, Lemon J. (1997). Acute effects of kava, alone or in combination with alcohol, on subjective measures of impairment and intoxication and on cognitive performance. Drug Alcohol Rev. 16(2) 147-55. [Pg.495]

Figure 6.2. pH profile in the GI tract of a healthy subject, measured with a radiotelemetry capsule. Modified from reference [5]. [Pg.159]

To measure the scalability of a process it is necessary to understand the chemistry and reaction kinetics involved and then to determine their impact on well-defined critical quality attributes desired of the product in order to find the optimum processing window within which there is certainty that the product will be of acceptable quality. However, these data are not readily available for many pharmaceutical chemistry reactions, so a subjective measure of a the scalability, robustness, and greenness of many processes has been developed by Pfizer based on operator knowledge and experience to assist development teams both in the laboratory and in pilot plants to develop greener processes [28]. [Pg.37]

Eckernas SA, Roos BE, Kvidal P, Eriksson LO, Block GA, Neafus RP, Haigh JR. The effects of simvastatin and pravastatin on objective and subjective measures of nocturnal sleep a comparison of two structurally different HMG CoA reductase inhibitors in patients with primary moderate hypercholesterolaemia. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1993 35(3) 284-9. [Pg.552]

It is important for clinicians and researchers alike to know whether they should rely on objective or subjective measures of sleepiness, or both, and how the two types of measures relate to each other. Since sleep latency on the MSLT is considered the gold standard for objective measure and grading of sleepiness, studies have used this as the objective gold standard. However, not all subjective scales have been studied. Several investigators have reported weak or no association between sleep latency and subjective scales such as the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (26-29). The SWAI, or more specifically its EDS subscale, appears to reli-... [Pg.6]

The MSLT is the most common method of objectively measuring daytime sleepiness in sleep laboratories. This test has been standardized into a form that reliably measures sleepiness in various populations. The MSLT has been used to evaluate levels of sleepiness (1) in conditions of sleep deprivation, reduction, fragmentation, and extension (2) in suspected narcoleptic patients (3) in patients with various disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness (4) in patients with insomnia and (5) in the posttreatment condition of patients with sleep disorders associated with daytime sleepiness. Further work is needed to compare subjective measures of sleepiness and newer performance measures with the MSLT. [Pg.21]

Figure 6 Frequency histogram for time of day of motor vehicle crashes and fall-asleep attacks on the PVT. The open bars represent the 60-min frequency of 4333 crashes in which the driver was judged to be asleep but not intoxicated across the 24-hr day and the solid bars represent fall-asleep attacks (failure to respond for 30 sec on the PVT) in n = 14 subjects, measured at 120-min intervals across 42 hr of total sleep deprivation. Both the fatigue-related crashes and fall-asleep attacks follow an equivalent temporal profile across the day, with occurrences increasing across the nocturnal period, and peaking between 07 00 and 08 00. (Adapted from Refs. 92 and 94.)... Figure 6 Frequency histogram for time of day of motor vehicle crashes and fall-asleep attacks on the PVT. The open bars represent the 60-min frequency of 4333 crashes in which the driver was judged to be asleep but not intoxicated across the 24-hr day and the solid bars represent fall-asleep attacks (failure to respond for 30 sec on the PVT) in n = 14 subjects, measured at 120-min intervals across 42 hr of total sleep deprivation. Both the fatigue-related crashes and fall-asleep attacks follow an equivalent temporal profile across the day, with occurrences increasing across the nocturnal period, and peaking between 07 00 and 08 00. (Adapted from Refs. 92 and 94.)...
For most flavonoids, the maximum concentration in human plasma occurs 1-6 hours after ingestion with an elimination half-life (t1/2) from 1 to 28 hours.15-21 Therefore, flavonoids can accumulate in the circulation and in tissues with frequently repeated intakes. Plasma quercetin in free-living subjects, measured after overnight fast, is typically 50-80 nmol/L, though smaller values are observed following a low-flavonoid diet.15 Conversely, supplementation with 500 mg/d rutin for 6 weeks increased plasma quercetin to 165 nmol/L22 and to 0.63 and 1.5 prnol/L following supplementation with 80 mg and >1 g quercetin equivalents daily for 7 and 28 days, respectively.23-24... [Pg.23]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.235 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.216 ]




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Measurement, units Subject

Microscopic diffusion measurements Subject

Subject extension measurement

Subject status measurement

Subject surface area measurement

Subject wrong measurement

Subjective Measures

Subjective Measures

Subjective effects self-report measures

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