Subject compared

A pooled analysis of 14 875 adults (Hispanic, n = 361 White, n = 10 108 African American, n = 547 Asian, n = 112) who participated in 104 double-blind, placebo-controlled paroxetine trials for mood and anxiety disorders was performed to ascertain minority group differences (Roy-Byrne et al., 2005). There were significant differences in rates of response by ethnicity (p = 0.014) with the odds of responding being lower for the Asian and Hispanic subjects compared to the African American and White subjects. There was also a higher placebo response rate in Hispanic subjects. Rapidity of response and emergence of adverse effects were similar across groups. 

A case control study of 6,913 individuals living near a Korean river contaminated with 30 tons of 100% phenol found nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain among 1,824 exposed subjects compared to 1,064 unexposed subjects (Kim et al. 1994). The level of phenol measured in the two reservoirs that served the community was 0.05 mg/L after the spill, while that in the chlorinated tap water was... 

Inhaled and intravenous histamine causes bronchoconstriction as one of the first recognized properties of histamine, which is inhibited by Hi antihistamines. As a manifestation of airway hyperresponsiveness, asthmatic individuals are more sensitive to the bronchoconstrictor effect of histamine than normal individuals. In addition, in vitro studies have shown increased histamine release in basophils and mast cells obtained from asthmatic subjects compared with... 

Elderly Plasma concentrations for total ezetimibe were about 2-fold higher in older (65 years of age and older) healthy subjects compared with younger subjects. Pregnancy Category C. 

Ofloxacin - Maximum serum concentrations are achieved 1 to 2 hours after an oral dose. Steady-state concentrations are achieved after 4 doses. Ofloxacin is widely distributed to body tissues and fluids. Elimination is mainly by renal excretion 4% to 8% is excreted in the feces. A longer plasma half-life of about 6.4 to 7.4 hours was observed in elderly subjects, compared with 4 to 5 hours for young subjects. Dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with impaired renal function (Ccr 50 mL/min or less). 

Observations regarding the cellular immune response in PTSD are also consistent with enhanced GR responsiveness in the periphery. In one study, beclomethasone-induced vasoconstriction was increased in women PTSD subjects compared to healthy, non-trauma-exposed comparison subjects (Coupland et al. 2003). Similarly, an enhanced delayed-type hypersensitivity of skin test responses was observed in women who survived childhood sexual abuse vs those who did not (Altemus et al. 2003). Because immune responses, like endocrine ones, can be multiply regulated, these studies provide only indirect evidence of GR responsiveness. However, when considered in the context of the observation that PTSD patients showed increased expression of the re-... 

Lee M, Min DI, Ku YM, Flanigan M. Effect of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics of microemulsion cyclosporine in African American subjects compared with Caucasian subjects does ethnic difference matter J Clin Pharmacol 2001 41(3) 317-323. 

Physical examination of the combined group of Michigan residents revealed alopecia in 4% of the subjects compared to no occurrence of alopecia in the control group. 

The pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma is still unknown, but there is reduced outflow, and excessive accumulation of mucopolysaccharides may be a major factor. An association with cataract and papilledema has often been observed. The rise in intraocular pressure is variable in the pediatric study of low dose cited above there was a reversible effect in only two of 23 subjects compared with controls, but in other studies serious increases in pressure have occurred, with a risk of blindness. 

In Fig. 12.16 the main results are compared for MP distributions and concentrations obtained with both the RRI and AFI methods for an identical subgroup of subjects. Compared to the RRI image, the AFI image is nearly identical, with the exception of a smoother appearance of the distribution. For a group of 16 subjects, MP levels obtained with both methods were spatially... 

Brachial artery response to 5-minute wrist cuff occlusion and release % dilation from baseline to 60 seconds after cuff release (P=.05) significant increase in flow-mediated vasodilation of normal control subjects compared with ED over entire curve (P=.014). 

Probability of Observing Significantly (e < 0.05, One Tail) Increased Risk Among Exposed Subjects, Compared with NCT Subjects, by True Risk of Outcome in NCT Subjects, Magnitude of Risk Increase Due to Exposure, and Number of Exposed Respondents... 

The data from study described above, as given in Tables 22 and 23 below, can be summarized as follows After 1.5 mg/kg SC dosing for four days, AUCo-t for Drug XYZ was 16 % higher in obese subjects compared to non-obese subjects. This is explained by ... 

Jappinen et al. (1990) exposed 10 subjects who had asthma to 2 ppm hydrogen sulfide for 30 min. On average, airway resistance was increased by 26.3% and specific airway conductance was decreased by 8.4% in the exposed subjects compared with control subjects. Although the changes were not statistically significant, 2 subjects showed changes of more than 30% in airway resistance and specific airway conductance, which indicate bronchial obstruction (Jappinen et al. 1990). 

CAD. Furthermore, atherosclerosis has long been associated with increasing age. It is of importance to note here that Khalil et al. (Kll) reported increased LDL susceptibility to oxidation by gamma-radiolysis with increasing age. Their results indicated that the greater LDL oxidation susceptibility in old subjects compared with a young group could be attributed to a fourfold lower LDL concentration of vitamin E in the elderly. 

The role of benzodiazepines in brain damage has been reviewed (SEDA-14, 36). Cognitive impairment in longterm users can be detected in up to half of the subjects, compared with 16% of controls, but the issue of reversibility with prolonged abstinence is unresolved. Cognitive toxicity is more common with benzodiazepines than other anticonvulsants, with the possible exception of phenobar-bital (84). 

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