Biomedical studies reviewed

Disease modelling using genetically altered mice has become a major tool in biomedical studies. Renema et al. review the use of transgenic mice to study the enz)Tnatic processes of HEP metabolism by multinuclear MRS, including... 

CLA isomers are functional food components when their search for mutagens in cooked meat instead identified CLA as an antimutagen (see Pariza, 1999). As a result of this discovery, research on CLA has increased exponentially over the last decade and a number of potential health benefits of CLA have been reported. The anticarcinogenic activity of CLA has been established clearly, but biomedical studies with animal models have identified an impressive range of additional positive health effects for CLA as summarized in Chapter 17. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that CLA is a potent anticarcinogen when supplied as a natural food component in the form of CLA-enriched butter as discussed later in this review. 

Other SMP biomedical device reviews have primarily summarized proposed devices and material chemistries [28-31]. The intent of this review is to focus on the importance and benefits of using SMPs for specific medical applications. Furthermore, the development status of these devices is covered along with fundamental studies aimed at bringing these devices closer to market. Lastly, future strategies for designing SMP devices are discussed. 

Another biomedical appHcation of mictocapsules is the encapsulation of Hve mammalian ceUs for transplantation into humans. The purpose of encapsulation is to protect the transplanted ceUs or organisms from rejection by the host. The capsule sheU must prevent entrance of harmful agents into the capsule, aUow free transport of nutrients necessary for ceU functioning into the capsule, and aUow desirable ceUular products to freely escape from the capsule. This type of encapsulation has been carried out with a number of different types of Hve ceUs, but studies with encapsulated pancreatic islets or islets of Langerhans ate most common. The alginate—poly(L-lysine) encapsulation process originally developed in 1981 (54) catalyzed much of the ceU encapsulation work carried out since. A discussion of the obstacles to the appHcation of microencapsulation in islet transplantation reviewed much of the mote recent work done in this area (55). Animal ceU encapsulation has also been researched (56). 

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