Skin cancer prevention

Supplementation study (Multicenter Skin Cancer Prevention Study)... 

However, intervention trials investigating the effects of P-carotene and lycopene supplementation on CVD have not reported convincing results (Table 3.1.3). Among the seven studies reviewed herein, four primary prevention trials, namely the Multicenter Skin Cancer Prevention Study, the Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, the ATBC cancer prevention study, " and the Physicians Health Study have shown no association between a supplementation of P-carotene and risk of death from CVD or fatal and non-fatal MI. 

Greenberg ER, Baron JA, Stukel TA, et al. A clinical trial of beta carotene to prevent basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers of the skin. The Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1990 323 789-795. 

Greenberg, E.R., Baron, J.A., Stukel, T.A., Stevens, M.M., Mandel, J.S., Spencer, S.K., Ehas, P.M., Lowe, N., Nierenberg, D.W., Bayrd, G. et al.. The Skin Cancer Prevention Study Group a clinical trial of beta carotene to prevent basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers of the skin. New England J. Med., 323, 789,1990. 

Godic, A Poljsak, B Adamic, M Dahmane, R. The Role of Antioxidants in Skin Cancer Prevention and Treatment. Oxidative Med Cell Longevity, 2014 2014 1-6. 

To test the possible skin-cancer-preventing effect of a 2-year treatment with acitretin, 70 non-transplantation pahents aged >10 18years who had a history of >10 two NMSC within 5years of trial onset were randomised to... 

ATBC, Alpha Tocopherol Beta Carotene Prevention Study CARET, Beta Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial LCPS, Linxian Cancer Prevention Study PHS, Physicians Health Study PPP, Primary Prevention Project SCPS, Skin Cancer Prevention Study VACP, Vitamin A and Cancer Prevention WHS, Women s Health Study CHD, Coronary Heart Disease CVD, Cardiovascular disease. 

A number of trials have attempted to investigate the effect of yS-carotene supplementation on nonmelanoma skin cancer, the most common forms of which are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas (these types of cells are both found in the top layer of the skin). However, none have shown any significant effect on skin cancer prevention. For example, the Physicians Health Study found no effect after 12 years of yS-carotene supplementation on the development of a first nomnelanoma skin cancer. The Nambour Skin Cancer Prevention Trial of 1621 men and women followed for nearly 5 years (most of whom had no history of skin cancer at baseline) showed that those supplemented with 30 mg yd-car-otene did not experience any reduction in risk of basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma or the occurrence of solar keratoses (precancerous skin growths that are a strong determinant of squamous cell... 

Scully M, Wakefield M, and Dixon H. Trends in news coverage about skin cancer prevention, 1993-2006 Increasingly mix messages for the public. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 32 461-466, 2008. 

Photoaging and photodamage are serious medical problems, not just cosmetic or aesthetic concerns, because prevention of photoaging and photodamage may prevent the progression of changes toward skin cancer. 

Washington CV, Grimes PE (2003) Incidence and prevention of skin cancer. Cosmet Dermatol 16(83) 46-48... 

It is well known that excessive intake of P-carotene may lead to carotenodermia (yellow skin), and it is undoubtedly the case that some carotenoid is directly lost via the skin or through photo-oxidation in the skin. As far as is known the carotenoids are not cytotoxic or genotoxic even at concentrations up to 10 times the normal plasma concentration which may cause carotenodermia. However, they are associated with amenorrhoea in girls who may be consuming bizarre diets and, in long-term supplementation studies, with an increase in lung cancer (The Alpha-tocopherol, Beta-carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group, 1994). 

Prevention Minimize immunosuppressant doses avoid sun exposure (sunblock, hats, clothing) routine self-exams (skin, lymph nodes) yearly gynecologic/prostate exams AZA particularly associated with skin cancers CSA/TAC may be associated with lymphoproliferative disorders (lymphomas)... 

Currently, one of the most promising agents for the prevention of lung cancer is selenium, which appeared to prevent the development of lung tumors in patients with skin cancer.15 This has not yet been shown in patients without preexisting skin cancer, although studies are underway. 

Devise a plan of lifestyle modifications for the prevention of skin cancer. 

What primary prevention measures are recommended to prevent skin cancer ... 

Educate the patient on measures that should be undertaken to limit sun exposure and prevent skin cancer. 

Metastasis is a process by which malignant cells leave their primary site and spread to distant locations throughout the body. It is the formation of metastasis that makes cancer such a lethal disease. The presence of metastasis is therefore the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. While primary tumors are potentially resectable, most metastases are resistant to all current forms of cancer treatment. Approximately 30% of patients with newly diagnosed solid cancers (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancers) have clinically detectable metastases, while another 30% may have occult micrometastases (L2). Clearly, to reduce mortality from cancer, we have to be able to prevent or treat metastasis. 

He shou wu, a herhal formulation has been used for the treatment of skin tumors. For topical use, the powder is mixed with sesame oil and applied. He shou wu has been used for centuries to help maintain the youthful color of one s hair and also to help diminish hair loss. Holy basil contains ursolic acid (Fig. 7) — one of the cosmetic industry s latest favorites because not only does it quickly heal the skin, it also improves elasticity and removes wrinkles. It also shows benefits for preventing skin cancer. A poultice made from the herh is used topically for its antifungal and antibacterial actions. ... 

Other routes of administration can be employed in certain situations. Methotrexate and cytarabine are given intrathecally or intraventricularly to prevent relapses in the meninges in acute lymphocytic leukemia and to treat carcinomatous meningitis. Thiotepa and bleomycin have been administered by intravesical instillation to treat early bladder cancers. Fluorouracil can be applied topically for certain skin cancers. 

---