Standards upgrading

If same manufacturer, then likely to be a standard upgrade/migration path. 

Product/Service Design involving innovation, customer needs, value analysis, product quality and reliabibty, process design, standardization, world standards, upgradation, replacement, etc. 

ASHRAE Standards, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning Engineers, Inc., Publications Department, Atlanta, Ga. Standard 55, 1981. Standards are upgraded on a regular basis. 

The API gravity of tar sand bitumen varies from 5 to ca 10°API, depending on the deposit, and the viscosity is very high. Whereas conventional cmde oils may have a high (>100 MPa-s(=cP)) viscosity at 40°C, tar sand bitumen has a viscosity on the order of 10-100 kPa-s(10 -10 P) at formation temperature (ca 0—10°C), depending on the season. This offers a formidable obstacle to bitumen recovery and, as a result of the high viscosity, bitumen is relatively nonvolatile under conditions of standard distillation (Table 4) (12,13), which influences choice of the upgrading process. 

Note that the maintenance of water quaUty and hence stream standards are not static, but subject to change with the municipal and industrial environment. For example, as the carbonaceous organic load is removed by treatment, the detrimental effect of nitrification in the receiving water increases. Eutrophication may also become a serious problem in some cases. These considerations require an upgrading of the required degree of treatment. 

A group of computers becomes a network when intercomputer communication is estabhshed. Prior to the 1980s, all system suppliers used proprietaiy protocols to network their systems. Ad hoc approaches were sometimes used to connect third-pai ty equipment, which was not cost-effective in system maintenance, upgrade, and expansion. The recent introduction of standardized protocols has led to a decrease in initial capital cost. Most current DCS network protocol designs are based on the ISO-OSI seven-laver model. 

Physically differ- Standardize equipment and controls where possi-ent controls on ble when designing new facilities or upgrading similar equipment old ones in different, Provide training and procedures locations. ISA RP 60.3... 

Modern measuring techniques, an increased requirement for the indoor environment, and the efficiency of filters in separating particles led to EUROVENT 4/9 1992 Method of Testing Air Filters Used In General Ventilation for the Determination of Fractional Efficiency. This method also provides the basis for the next revision or upgrade of European Standard EN 779 1999. 

Internal standards, guidelines, and practices (past history, flexible performance standards, amendments, and upgrades)... 

The primary pump types for the chemical industry for horizontal and vertical inline applications have been standardized in ANSI B-123, ANSI Std B73.1M for horizontal end suction centrifugal pumps, and ANSI B73.2M for vertical inline centrifugal pumps. The standards are in a continuous process of upgrading to suit requirements of industry and the manufacturers. The API-610 standard is primarily a heavy duty application, such as is used for the refinery and chemical industry requirements. This is the only true world pump [21] standard, although the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is studying such an improved design [20]. 

However, incorporating these changes in an existing unit is a major project, usually more complicated than building a new unit. The two critical components of a successful mechanical upgrade (or erection of a new unit) are effective project management and proper design standards. 

Sodium imaging is relatively time consuming and cannot be performed on standard clinical scanners without specialized hardware and software upgrades. Nevertheless, the unique physiologic information provided by sodium imaging may make this technique an important tool in acute stroke imaging in years to come. 

RCRA Subtitle I regulates USTs that contain petroleum or hazardous substances. A major objective of Subtitle I is to prevent and clean up releases from tanks. Under Subtitle I, U.S. EPA has developed performance standards for new tanks, upgrading requirements for existing tanks, and regulations to prevent, detect, and clean up releases at all UST sites. State UST programs may be approved to operate in lieu of the federal program. 

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