Oil-sand bitumen

In addition to traditional deposits of petroleum, significant amounts of hydrocarbons are found in the form of oil sands. This material is a mixture of about 85% sand, clay, and water and 15% of a form of crude oil called bitumen. Oil sand deposits occur in many parts of the world, but the largest deposits are located in Alberta, Canada, and Venezuela. Only those located in Alberta have been developed for profit. 

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