Standards scope

The standard scoping calculation methods for batch conduction drying apply. The rate of heat transfer from the heating medium through the dryer wall to the solids can be expressed by the usual formula... 

USEPA (2009) Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards scope and methods plan for health risk and exposure assessment. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Viana M, Amato F, Alastuey A et al (2009) Chemical tracers of particulate emissions from commercial shipping. Environ Sci Technol 43 7472-7477 Wallace LA, Emmerich SJ, Howard-Reed C (2004) Source strengths of ultrafine and fine particles due to cooking with a gas stove. Environ Sci Technol 38 2304-2311 Wardoyo AYP, Morawska L, Ristovski ZD et al (2006) Quantification of particle number and mass emission factors from combustion of Queensland trees. Environ Sci Technol 40 5696-5703... 

List of laboratories accredited by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the successor to the National Bureau of Standards, to perform polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis is available at http // ts.nist.gov/Standards/scopes/plmtm.htm... 

One of the most important requirements when using this method is to determine that the process equipment clearly falls within the scope of the standard. When equipment or process varies from the standard scope, additional analysis using other techniques for determining applicability of grandfathering are required. An example of a variation would be a waste fuel that is not included in the scope of a standard governing a burner management system. Any special requirements for handling the waste fuel... 

Once a scope change and means of compensation are agreed upon, put all of it in writing. For example, cite it in meeting minutes, use a standard scope change memorandum or letter, or describe the changes and means of compensation in periodic progress reports. Do not rely on anyone s memory—too much is at stake. 

Paragraph (b) of the standard, scope and application, includes exemptions for various chanicals or workplace situations. After compiling the complete list of chemicals, you should review paragraph (b) to determine if any of the items can be eliminated from the list because they are exanpted materials. For example, food, drugs, and cosmetics brought into the workplace for employee consumption are exempt. Therefore, rubbing alcohol in the first-aid kit would not be covered. 

The drawing software comprises a comprehensive collection of standard tools to sketch 2D chemical structures. To specify all its facilities and tools would go far beyond the scope of this overview, but there are some nice features that are very useful for chemists so they are mentioned here briefly. One of these enables the prediction of H and NMR shifts from structures and the correlation of atoms with NMR peaks (Figure 2-127). lUPAC standard names can be generated... 

Stand-alone computer systems, usually based on a personal computer (PC) or programmable logic controller (PLC), provide a separate computer system for each pilot plant. This allows for economical expansion for new units, separates pilot plants completely for maintenance and troubleshooting, and often has the lowest initial cost. Standardization can be a problem and software control, data gathering, and storage packages can be limited in size, scope, and capabiUty these are usually acceptable trade-offs. 

Standard number and designation Scope and application Remarks"... 

For flanges of nonstandard dimensions or for sizes beyond the scope of the approved standards, design shall be in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Sec. T11, except that requirements for fabrication, assembly, inspection testing, and the pressure and temperature hmits for materials of the Piping Code are to prevail. Countermoment flanges of flat face or otherwise providing a reaction outside the bolt circle are permitted if... 

While a detailed treatment is beyond the scope of this section, a few of the organizations which generate standards of major importance to the chemical-process industries in the United States are Fisted here. An excellent overview is presented in the Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (3ded., Wiley, New York, 1978-1980). 

The scope and terms used are well defined and includes a listing of standards and codes for reference. The purchaser is required to make decisions regarding gear-rated horsepower and rated input and output speeds. 

It is important to differentiate between the seope and applieation of a standard of praetiee. Scope determines that an operation or loeation is eovered or governed by the standard. Application determines that portions (e.g., paragraphs) of the standard apply to the partieular operation or loeation [1]. 

In 29 CER 1910.120 (a)(3) it is stated that responses to incidental releases of hazardous substances where the substance can be absorbed, neutralized, or otherwise controlled at the time of release by employees in the immediate release area, or by maintenance personnel, are not considered to be emergency responses in the scope of the standard (HAZWOPER). The term incidental is the key term. Workers need to be trained as to what type of situations would be considered incidental. In general, if the employees actions to clean or control the release do not and likely would not put them in jeopardy (from a safety and health viewpoint), the act would be considered incidental. 

Life cycle assessment is defined by ISO 14040 as compilation and evalu ation of inputs, outputs and the potential environmental impacts of a product system throughout its life cycle. The ISO standards regulate the procedural aspects of LCA. They do not, however, provide all the information required for carrying out an LCA study. The main phases of LCA are goal and scope definition, inventory, impact assessment, and interpretation. The various applications of LCA are not regulated by the standard (Fig. 15.1). 

As a set of minimum standards, ISO 9000 addresses the business community. It was intended for purchasers as a means for them to obtain products and services of consistent quality from their suppliers. In place of purchaser-specified general quality management requirements, ISO 9000 became the common requirement and hence eliminated the need for such requirements. As a consequence, it provides suppliers that meet its requirements with a demonstrable capability that others may not possess and hence such capability becomes a persuasive marketing tool that will increase market share. ISO 9000 was also intended for application to all types of industry and therefore did not contain requirements for any specific industry sector or type of products or services. Partially due to the scope of misinterpretation and the degree to which particular industries have common supplier requirements, certain industry sectors perceived the need for harmonizing such requirements in a form that added to those requirements in ISO 9000. 

The standard requires that an objective and valid process is used to define the scope and collection of information on current and future customer expectations at a defined frequency. 

The standard only requires the documentation covering the requirements of the standard to be defined in a quality manual. If your quality system covers areas outside the scope of ISO/TS 16949, as it may if you have used ISO 9004 as the basis for designing the system, or if you have included more functions of the business than addressed in ISO/TS 16949, this raises several questions ... 

If the assessment does extend to such documents, and the auditors find nonconformities in the areas outside the scope of the standard, will they count ... 

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