Standard Volumes

When using a compressed air or diffused aeration system, the SORT has to be converted to a standard volume of air required per minute. This conversion can be accompHshed through the equation... 

Annual Book ofASTM Standards, Volumes 1—6, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa. 

The space velocity is defined as the standard volume of the reactant stream fed per unit time divided by the volume of reactor space filled with catalyst. 

A typical performance range of capacides of rotary lobe vacuum pumps is shown in Figures 6-48A, 6-48B and 6-48C. Another set of curves for rotary lobe pumps, shown in Figure 6-49, provides the brake horsepower, airflow at inlet (CFM) (referred to as their standard volume at 70°F and 29.92 inch Hg abs discharge pressure—essentially atmosphere), and the temperature rise through a non-cooled (no internal or external cooling) vacuum. All data... 

The compressibility factor z of methane is always less than 1.0 in normal temperature ranges (i.e., between —40° and 50° C). Furthermore, the compressibility factor decreases as the pressure rises or the temperature falls. Therefore, less energy is needed to pump a given volume of methane (measured at standard volume) at any given normal temperature than would be expected at that temperature if the methane were an ideal gas. This effect is more marked at higher pressures. Similarly, as the pressure is increased at a constant temperature, more methane (measured at standard volume) can be stored in a given volume than would be predicted from the ideal gas equation. 

The use of two or more additives has a synergistic effect in many cases, so that an even smaller amount of each is needed than would be if only one were present to produce the z factor over that of an equivalent standard volume of natural gas at the pressure and temperature involved. 

ASTM Cl50-00 Standard specification for Portland cement. ASTM Book of Standards Volume 04.01, 2001. 

ASTM C184-94E1 Standard test method for fineness of hydraulic cement by the 150-pm (No. 100) and 75-pm (No. 200) sieves. ASTM Book of Standards Volume 04.01, 2001. 

ASTM Ell-01 Standard specification for wire cloth and sieves for testing purposes. ASTM Book of Standards Volume 14.02, 2001. 

Procedure of pollen preparation Pollen can be washed off stigmas with an acetone solution as water or other polar solutions often fail to sufficiently break electrostatic bonds holding heterospecific pollen to stigma. However, this means the acetone must be evaporated in an air drying oven (48 h) because a Coulter Counter requires a saline solution of standard volume (usually 10-20 ml) be used to prepare pollen samples. If the solutions are mixed and the volumes are inconsistent, there is a risk that differences in conductivity will create errors. 

Once the sample is in solution in the acid and the digest made up to a standard volume the determination of metals is completed by standard procedures such as atomic absorption spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. 

A typical example is ibuprofen. The BCS-relevant characteristics of the drug are given in Table 5. Obviously, there will be little or no dissolution of ibuprofen under typical gastric conditions in the fasted state. However, the D S falls almost within the BCS limit of < 250 mL at pH 6.8, so it can be assumed that dissolution into a standard volume of medium (e.g., 500 mL, as recommended in Table 3) can be completed. This assumption is borne out by the results for dissolution of the pure drug and several IR oral drug products available on the European market as shown in Figure 4. 

Calculate the enryme attivil in a standard volume of the sample... 

ASTM E647-95a Standard Test Method for Measurement of Fatigue Crack Growth Rates /999 Annual Book of ASTM Standard Volume 3.01 Metals-Mechanical Testing Elevated and Low-Temperature Tests Metallography, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1999. 

Figure 7.2 Plots of the peak area of cyclopentadiene, obtained after injection of a standard volume of vapor, withdrawn from the vapor above an aqueous solution of cyclopentadiene as a function of the molality of cyclopentadiene, at 25°C solution of cyclopentadiene in pure water, , and solution of cyclopentadiene in aqueous solution, containing 10% (w/w) of ethanol, .

The method was tested with two wood fuels, namely wood pellets and fuel wood. The mass flow of conversion gas was measured at three levels of standard volume flows of primary air (50,100, and 150 m n/h). Double tests were carried out at each volume flow of air. The mass-balance result is presented in Table 1 and Table 2 above. 

The above mentioned sought quantities were measured as a function of six levels of standard volume flux of primary air in the range of 0.06-0.46 m n/m, s for all the wood fuels. Altogether, eighteen (3x6) single tests were carried out. 

Mass flux of conversion gas for all the three wood fuels at a given standard volume flux of primary air... 

Figure 22 displays the time-integrated mean of mass flux as function of standard volume flux of primary air for all the three wood fuels, respectively. As indicated by Figure 22, the time-integrated mean of mass flux of conversion gas exhibits a hyperbolic relationship with the volume flux of primary air. In the low range of volume fluxes the conversion gas rate increases up to a maximum. After the maximum point is passed, the mass flux of conversion gas decreases due to convective cooling of the conversion reaction. 

The sample-transport mechanism is the physical link between the units for the basic operations and it moves the sample cups to the entry ports. The sample identification system ensures that samples are available to the appropriate unit at the right time. The mechanism functions hke a railway system it receives a command to move a cup containing a standard volume of sample from one place to another and then waits for the next instruction, which may require transport of the next sample cup or of the same sample to a different module. 

ASTM. 1987. Sampling workplace atmospheres to collect organic gases or vapors with activated charcoal diffusional samplers - method D 4597-87. In 1987 Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Volume 11.03. Atmospheric analysis occupational health and safety. Philadelphia, PA American Society for Testing and Materials, 490-494. 

The specific gravity of a fuel or oil is a function of the weight per standard volume of the product. Since aromatic compounds have a greater weight per unit volume than do paraffinic hydrocarbons, the specific gravity of a highly aromatic product would be greater than a paraffinic fuel or oil. 

Because fuel and oil weights vary per standard volume, they should always be handled and sold on a weight basis, not volume basis. If sold on a volume basis, the volume should always be corrected to 60°F (15.5°C) by utilizing API volume reduction tables. These tables are used to standardize all volumes of petroleum products to a 60°F (15.5°C) volume. Standard API volume correction tables for petroleum products are contained in APPENDIX 3. 

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