Spreadsheet calculation options

To avoid time losses due to unnecessary recalculation, the itaanu option is prefened during data entry and the development of large programs. Therefore, the first step in the present case would be to hold the spreadsheet calculation facility on manual during the simultaneous data input of all three values. This is done through... 

Once entered into a spreadsheet, data can be manipulated column at a time. For example, let us take the top cells in Table 1-3 as cells A3 and B3 (columns A and B, line 3 in Table 1-3) containing 5 and 0.305 to avoid dividing 0 by 0. Using the easycalc option of the tools menu in Excel, divide the contents of B3 by A3 and place the results in cell C3. Now select C3 and the remaining 12 unfilled cells in the column, C3 to Cl 5, and fill down using the mouse. The results of the calculation of Cp/T appear for all remaining cells in the C column. 

Since Excel is a powerful tool used widely for many different purposes with many options not all options can be discussed in this chapter. The focus of the chapter is on manually self-created spreadsheets for data calculation and checks against acceptance criteria (logical operations). Excel spreadsheets that are used with other electronic systems for automatic data or information entry, for further operations, or used as a view tool for databases are not within the scope of this chapter. Nevertheless, these types of spreadsheets are viewed as a normal spreadsheet with automatic entry, and validation, including validation of the interface, will be included to cover this item. In this chapter we provide guidance in validation and revalidation of Excel spreadsheets and information about managing validated spreadsheets. 

For the flexibility of the entire spreadsheet, the spreadsheet contains calculations for various options ... 

This optional chapter provides tools to compute the concentrations of species in systems with many simultaneous equilibria.3 The most important tool is the systematic treatment of equilibrium from Chapter 8. The other tool is a spreadsheet for numerical solution of the equilibrium equations. We will also see how to incorporate activity coefficients into equilibrium calculations. Later chapters in this book do not depend on this chapter. 

An Excel spreadsheet comparing potential energy curves calculated for HCl for Morse and harmonic oscillator models with ab initio quantum mechanical results obtained with the program Gaussian. The example illustrates the use of cell formulas and some of the text Format options, such as bold and italic fonts of various sizes, subscripts and superscripts, and Greek and other special characters. 

These are the power tools of the spreadsheet because they do the calculations. A cell can be referred to by its alphanumeric code, e.g. A5 (column A, row 5) and the value contained in that cell manipulated within a formula, e.g. (A5 + 10) or (A5 + B22) in another cell. Formulae can include a diverse array of pre-programmed functions which can refer to a cell, so that if the value of that cell is changed, so is the result of the formula calculation. They may also include limited branching options through the use of logical operators. 

Eor example, to operate the GT Calculator for the case of structures of Ih symmetry, select Ih.xls and open this spreadsheet in the usual manner, either by pressing the ENTER button on your keyboard or with your mouse. The initial screen display will be as in the first diagram in Eigure 1.2 and it is necessary to choose the enable macros option in order to activate the functionality of the calculator. After a short graphic display, which can be cancelled with the ESC button, the standard logo screen for the calculator files is displayed with the centre text used to distinguish the different point groups. 

The working capital is estimated as 7 weeks cash cost of production minus 2 weeks feedstock costs plus 1% of the fixed capital investment, as described in Section 6.2.2. Because the cash cost of production includes the interest payable on the working capital, this sets up a circular reference in the spreadsheet. The spreadsheet options must be adjusted to ensure that the calculation iterates to convergence. The converged result is 59.5 MM. Note that the value calculated is about f 0% greater than it would have been had we estimated the working capital as f5% of fixed capital investment. 

The user interface of this program has been rewritten completely by Biosym Technologies (currently named Accelrys, Inc., after several mergers) since its commercialization, to provide an extremely flexible and fully interactive user interface. The capabilities of this interface include the options for the user to provide designer correlations for any property of interest, to supply experimental values for three important properties (glass transition temperature, density and solubility parameter), to plot any calculated property against any other with a variety of display options, to select subsets of properties for calculation, and to obtain both the key structural descriptors and the predicted properties in a spreadsheet format (in addition to the usual output text file) to facilitate any further desired data analysis. 

Click on Solver. When its parameters dialogue box appears in the spreadsheet, click on the Set Target Cell (it should be empty, if not, delete any cell that is there), followed by clicking on cell E5 (or type E5). Do the same for By Changing Cells , clicking on cell C7 to enter. In Equal To , click Value of and enter zero. You are now ready to solve the formula. But before you do, click on Options and note the Precision box, where the precision is entered as 0.000001 (10 ). This number should be at least 100 times smaller than the smallest number being operated on (a, b, and c in this case) and the solution, x. This is the case for this problem, but if you should encounter problems where it is not, you should insert more zeros in the Precision number, for example, when the magnitude of the calculated answer is on the order of the entered precision (in which case, repeat the Solver calculation). 

The linear least-squares line gives a slope of 0.861 and an intercept of —0.002 (using Options under Chart, Add Trendline, when highlighting the chart or line). Hence, the concentration of the unknown is equal to (0.463 — 0.002)70.861, as given by the formula in the spreadsheet (below). The sample concentration is 0.540 ppm. We will now perform the same calculation without charting the calibration curve, and including the standard deviation of the sample concentration. 

It is proper to present this calculation using the canonical orthonormalization procedure described in Section 3.6, since this would be the standard approach in a molecular orbital calculation. The only modifications of fig6-2 and 6-4.xls required are the additions of a canonical worksheet, taken from any of the previous spreadsheets, using the EDIT/MOVE -COPY option in the EDIT menu and the creation of suitable links to the RESULTS worksheet cells. 

The figure on the following page shows the spreadsheet formulas required to build the Black-Scholes model in Microsoft Excel. The Analysis Tool-Pak add-in must be available, otherwise some of the function references may not work. Setting up the cells in the way shown enables the fair value of a vanilla call or put option to be calculated. The latter calculation employs the put-call parity theorem. 

Calculating values of a and B with modern computing tools is easy. For example, most spreadsheets these days have a solver option. BUlo (2001) shows how this can be used to provide the least-squares values to any number of coefficients in an equation. His book is addressed to Excel users, but will work with any spreadsheet having a solver. 

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides a Waste Reduction Model (WARM) to calculate the environmental impacts of end-of-life options for products, including plastics. The US EPA WARM calculates GHG emissions for source reduction, recycling, waste-to-energy, and landfill end-of-life options. The US EPA WARM provides information about recycling, sources reduction, waste-to-energy, and landfill processes. WARM calculations are available in web-based calculator and as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. WARM has databases for over 45 material types and GHG emissions are provided in metric tons of C02eq or metric tons of carbon equivalent (EPA Waste Reduction Model 2013). 

Solution to Spreadsheet Example 2 We recommend that you prohibit the spreadsheet from iterating on circular references until you are ready. Otherwise, you may encounter frustrating error messages as you create your spreadsheet. For Excel users, pull down the Options menu and open the Calculations window. There should be a box labeled Iterations. Be sure the box does not contain an x. ... 

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