Spreadsheets examples

A Mierosoft Exeel spreadsheet (Example 7-5.xls) was developed for this example. 

A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (Example 7-ll.xls) was developed for predicting the jacket temperature required for either heating up or cooling down reactants in a batch reactor. 

An Excel spreadsheet (EXAMPLE 13-1.xls) was developed to detenuine Rj for given values of Rj, SUEy, and otlier requhed parameters. 

The eooling time in a full-seale bateh reaetor is 1.27 hr, whieh is approximately 49% more than the 0.85 hr predieted at the smaller seale. Multiple temperature adjustment steps oeeur in a ehemieal reaetor produetion eyele. The sum of these eyele time inereases may be signifieant, and the plant eapaeity at the larger seale may be adversely affeeted if the eyele times are not eorreeted [13]. An Exeel spreadsheet (EXAMPLE 13-2.xls) was developed for Example 13-2. 

The use of a spreadsheet to solve the Wilson equation is illustrated in Example 8.156. The spreadsheet used was Microsoft Excel. Copies of the spreadsheet example can be downloaded from support material for this chapter given on the publisher s web site at bh.com/companions/075641428. 

At this stage, we mask, remove anything from the action specs that talks about the other participants in the actions. For example, we don t care about the state of the ATM user s pocket as long as the ATM dishes out the cash. In the spreadsheet example, we didn t say much about the user s state anyway. In an action involving two or more software components, the team working on each component would make its own version of the action spec that would define only its effect on the team s component. 

The process of review is continual. I have encouraged the rejection (suitably documented and justified) of insignificant components at any stage. In the spreadsheet example of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance above,... 

Many chapters have been strengthened by adding spreadsheet examples, applications, and problems. The new Chapter 3 gives tutorials on the construction and use of spreadsheets. Many other tutorials are included in our supplement. Applications of Microsoft Excel in Analytical Chemistry. 

We should note that the pH calculated from the relatively simple equations presented here break down near the equivalence point for weak acids and bases because the assumptions used in deriving them no longer apply. Even for strong acid-base titrations, we reach a point very near the equivalence point where the ionization of water becomes appreciable compared to the acid or excess base concentration, and the calculations are in error. You can satisfy yourself of these limitations by inserting in the spreadsheet examples titrant values that are, say, 99.99% or 99.999% and see where the calculated pH falls off the otherwise smooth titration curve. 

The units of permeability may appear in several forms, as spelled out in Chapters 1 and 2, albeit the same symbol Py is used for each set of units. For convenience, the transformation or conversion between the several forms are furnished in spreadsheet notation as follows, with corresponding spreadsheet examples appended for each calculation. 

Spreadsheet Example I The process below separates grain extract (50 kg/min, 97 wt% water and 3 wt% ethanol) into a product stream and a waste stream. The product stream must recover 99% of the ethanol in the grain extract. In addition, the product stream must be 50 wt% ethanol. 

Solution to Spreadsheet Example I A spreadsheet solution to this exercise is shown on the following page. The steps below will lead you through the process of creating this spreadsheet. The steps will refer to locations on the spreadsheet, known as cells, by their column (an uppercase letter) and their row (a number). 

Solution to Spreadsheet Example 2 We recommend that you prohibit the spreadsheet from iterating on circular references until you are ready. Otherwise, you may encounter frustrating error messages as you create your spreadsheet. For Excel users, pull down the Options menu and open the Calculations window. There should be a box labeled Iterations. Be sure the box does not contain an x. ... 

The two spreadsheet examples presented here are derived from a tutorial developed by Mary Carmen Gasco, Cornell Chemical Engineering 97.)... 

Spreadsheet Example I Experimental data for the terminal velocities of spheres in water, vegetable oil, and glycerin are presented in three tables below and on the following page. The data are a subset of the experimental data measured by Cornell first-year engineers to obtain a general correlation between the Reynolds number. 

As was illustrated in the spreadsheet example in Chapter 3, it is easier to create a formula by selecting cells rather than typing cell addresses. For example, the formula for the first velocity can be created by first typing = into cell G9. This notifies the spreadsheet you are entering a formula. Then select cell D9 with the mouse. The characters D9 will appear in cell G9 and the formula bar. Type the symbol for multiplication, / . Now select cell E9. This completes the formula. Hit enter. 

Solution to Spreadsheet Example 2 Begin by culling the data for Re < 2. One could do this point by point since there are only 37 data points to inspect. But this would be tedious for larger data sets. Plus, selecting point by point lacks style. Instead, we will arrange the data in ascending Re, and then tmncate the data for Re > 2. 

Table P-1 Ozone dosage calculation spreadsheet example ox en feed...

Table D-2 Ozone dosage calculation spreadsheet example air feed 140...

The first step is to obtain initial estimates of level and trend using linear regression. We first run a linear regression (using the Excel tool Data Data Analysis Regression) between demand and time periods. The estimate of initial level 0 is obtained as the intercept coefficient, and the trend Tq is obtained as the X variable coefficient (or the slope) in the spreadsheet Examples 1-4 Chapter 7 (there is some variation between the spreadsheet and the results shown here because of rounding). For the MP3 player data, we obtain... 

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