Cell manipulation

When placed inside a microchannel, a bilayer can be used as a raisable barrier to block the passage of objects. If a good seal can be achieved between the bilayer and the channel walls, then it can also be used to control the flow of fluid [28]. 

Park et al. [29] used PPy flaps to control the movement of mouse embryo cells inside a microfluidic cell processor system, as illustrated in Figiue 12.4 automated manipulation of 

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Cell manipulation technique (e.g. cell imaging, gene transfection preservation, and differentiation)... 

From his examination of many different combinations of cell types, Steinberg deduced a hierarchy of adhesiveness and proposed that quantitative differences in adhesiveness could account for sorting out. More recently molecules that mediate cell adhesion have been identified and precise patterns of cell associations have been reproduced in mixed cell reaggregation systems with cells manipulated to express different cell adhesion molecules and with cells expressing different amounts of the same cell adhesion molecule (Takeichi, 1991 Steinberg and Takeichi, 1994). 

Microinjection involves the direct injection of nucleic acids into the nucleus or cytoplasm of target cells and is the simplest approach for gene delivery. Thin glass capillaries are used to inject nanoliters of nucleic acid solution into cells. One major drawback of this method is obviously the throughput every single cell has to be manipulated individually. This limits the use of microinjection to applications in which individual cell manipulation is possible, such as genetic engineering of... 

Particles are sometimes used to carry out modeled studies of fluid flow or cell manipulation. In other studies, the particles or beads are actually employed to carry out analysis, e.g., immunoassays. 

In a cell manipulation experiment, a constriction together with two narrow channels ( 50 pm) at the corner of a large channel were fabricated on a PDMS chip (see Figure 8.12). This microfluidic method was devised to remove cumulus cells from individual bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes before in vitro fertilization. In natural fertilization, sperms release hyaluronidase that attack... 

Fuhr, G., Wagner, B., Electric field mediated cell manipulation, characterization and cultivation in highly conductive media. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings pTAS 94 Workshop, University of Twente, Netherlands, 21-22 Nov. 1994, 209-214. 

Outlook Towards More ECM-Mimetic Systems and Cell Manipulation. 97... 

Even more complicated are cell manipulations that produce new molecules (other than new proteins as discussed above). When new combinations of catalytic activities are expressed in cells, they may be able to accomplish functions not previously possible. For example, bacteria have been con-... 

Laboratory laminar airflow cabinet BH-EN 2004-S. Type II, Categorie 2 (Microbiological Safety Cabinets) for cell manipulations in sterile conditions. 

Living Autologous Cells Manipulated Ex vivo Intended for... 

Guidance on Applications fro Products Comprised of Living Autologous Cells Manipulated Ex vivo and Intended for Structural Repair and Reconstruction (May 1996). 

Hellmich, W., Pelaigus, C., Letlhalm, K., Ros, A. andAnselmetti, D. (2005a) Single cell manipulation, analytics and label-fiee protein detection in microfluidic devices for systems nanobiology. Electrophoresis... 

These are the power tools of the spreadsheet because they do the calculations. A cell can be referred to by its alphanumeric code, e.g. A5 (column A, row 5) and the value contained in that cell manipulated within a formula, e.g. (A5 + 10) or (A5 + B22) in another cell. Formulae can include a diverse array of pre-programmed functions which can refer to a cell, so that if the value of that cell is changed, so is the result of the formula calculation. They may also include limited branching options through the use of logical operators. 

Hosokawa, Y., Takabayashi, J., Shukunami, C., Hiraki, Y. and Masuhara, H. (2004) Single cell manipulation using femtosecond laser induced shockwave (Japanese). Rev. Laser Eng.,... 

Ashkin, A and Dziedzic, J.M. (1989) Internal cell manipulation using infiared-laser traps. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 7914-7918. 

Buican TN, Smyth MJ, Crissman HA, Salzman GC, Stewart CC, Martin JC (1987) Automated single-cell manipulation and sorting by light trapping. Appl Opt 26 5311-5316... 

Buican TN, Neagley DL, Morrison WC, Upham BD (1989) Optical trapping, cell manipulation, and robotics. SPIE Proc 1063 190-197... 

N. Manaresi, A. Romani, G. Medoro, L. Altomare, A. Leonardi and M. Tartagni, A CMOS chip for individual cell manipulation and detection, lEEEJ. Solid-State Circ., 38, 2297-2305 (2003). 

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