Spray system

For addition of fertilizer to irrigation spray systems, complete water solubiHty, and hence use of the solution-type fertilizers, is essential. An additional requirement is that the fertilizer be of a composition that does not react with the normal mineral content ie, the hardness, of the irrigation water to form objectional scaling of equipment. 

Applications. The principal use for rigid polyurethane foams is for iasulation ia various forms utilized by a variety of iadustries. Lamiaates for resideatial sheatiag (1.2 to 2.5 cm thick with aluminum skins) and roofing board (2.5 to 10.0 cm thick with roofing paper skins) are the leading products with about 45 metric tons of Hquid spray systems also ia use. Metal doors iasulated by a pour-ia-place process coastitute another substantial use. 

Fused State Baths. Sodium hydroxide and salt can be heated to a fused state in baths to allow the removal of finishes from ferrous metals. The most common use of this method is the removal of heavy concentrations of paint on conveyer parts and hangers used in production spray systems. 

Steel stmctures should be protected by approved fireproofing treatment, eg, concrete or insulating, ie, intumescent or ablative materials untreated steel should be protected by some method of cooling, eg, a water-spray system. 

The practice of estabHshing empirical equations has provided useflil information, but also exhibits some deficiencies. Eor example, a single spray parameter, such as may not be the only parameter that characterizes the performance of a spray system. The effect of cross-correlations or interactions between variables has received scant attention. Using the approach of varying one parameter at a time to develop correlations cannot completely reveal the tme physics of compHcated spray phenomena. Hence, methods employing the statistical design of experiments must be utilized to investigate multiple factors simultaneously. 

Proceedings of International Conferences on Eiquid Atomisation and Spray Systems, ICLASS-1978, ICLASS-1982, ICLASS-1985, ICLASS-1988, ICLASS-1991, and ICLASS-1994, BegeU House, Inc., New York. 

A. J. Yule and J. J. Chinn, International Conferences on EiquidMtomi tion and Spray Systems, ICLASS-94, Rouen, France, July 1994. 

A. H. Lefebvre, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on EiquidMtomi tion and Spray Systems, Gaithersburg, Md., 1991, pp. 49—64. 

Sludge Disposal. Land disposal of wet sludges can be accomplished ia a number of ways Lagooniag or the application of liquid sludge to land by tmck or spray system, or by pipeline to a remote agricultural or lagoon site. 

Fig. 5. Schematic diagram of an electrostatic powder spray system. Courtesy of Nordson Corp.

The fluid dehvery in an air-spray system can be pressure or suction fed. In a pressure-fed system, the fluid is brought to the atomizer under positive pressure generated with an external pump, a gas pressure over the coating material in a tank, or an elevation head. In a suction system, the annular flow of air around the fluid tip generates sufficient vacuum to aspirate the coating material from a container through a fluid tube and into the air stream. In this case, the paint supply is normally located in a small cup attached to the spray device to keep the elevation differential and frictional pressure drop in the fluid-supply tube small. 

R. Ingebo, M. M. Flkoth, M. A. El-Sayed Mandy, and M. E. Montaser, Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on EiquidA.tomic tion and Spray Systems Madison, Wis., 1982, pp. 9-17, 107-115. 

FIG. 14-88 Droplet -size distribution for three different types of nozzles. To convert pounds per square inch gauge to Idlopascals, multiply by 6.89 to convert gallons per minute to cubic meters per hour, multiply by 0.227. (Spraying Systems Inc. )... 

Spray Angle A shift to a smaller-angle nozzle gives slightly larger drops for a given type of nozzle because of the reduced tendency of the sheet to thin. Dietrich [Pi oc. 1st Jnt. Conf. Liq. Atomization Spray Systems, Tokyo, (1978)] shows the following ... 

Fine water spray systems may be potentially superior to CO9 apphcations and may replace halon environments such as telephone central offices and computer rooms. In the fine spray dehveiy system, water is delivered at relatively high pressure (above 100 psi [0.689 MPa]) or by air atomization to generate droplets significantly smaUer than those generated by sprinklers. Water flow from a fine spray nozzle potentially extinguishes the fire faster than a sprinkler because the droplets are smaUer and vaporize more quickly. Preliminaiy information indicates that the smaller the droplet size, the lower the water flow requirements and the less chance of water damage. 

Virtually all steel components contacting coolant were attacked. A check valve from a spray system and a hanger bracket were both severely pitted and corroded. The mill components were corroded after an upset that permitted hydrochloric acid to mix with the mill coolant. The pH was at or below 2 during the upset, which continued for at least several weeks. 

Provide adequate fixed fire protection for tanks and vessels containing flammable, unstable or reactive materials. This can include fire loops with hydrants and monitors in the storage area, foam systems for individual tanks, and deluge spray systems to keep the exposed surfaces of tanks cool in case of fire in an adjacent tank. 

NFPA 16 Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems, 1999 edition. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

The selection of mix ingredients may depend heavily on the type of adhesive applieation equipment used. The main types of equipment for plywood and LVL are roll coaters, spray systems, eurtain coaters, and foam extruders. When foam extruders are used, animal blood and surfactants are usually added to the mill mix. For other application systems, resin producers typieally supply the non-filler additives as part of the resin eomposition. 

Prevent containment ova-pressure Residual heat removal system Shutdown cooling system Containment spray system... 

These plants generally have separate shutdown cooling and containment spray systems and a multi-loop core spray system. With the exception of Big Rock Point, which is housed in a large dry containment, these plants use an i,solation condenser... 

These plants are designed with two independent high-pressure injection systems, namely reactor cooling sure coolant injection (HPCl). The associated pumps are each potiered fay turbine. also have a multi-loop core spray system and a multi-mode residual heat re sy.stem that can be aligned for low-pressure coolant injection, shutdown cooling, suppre.ssion pc containment spray functions. 

These i high-pressure core spray (HPCS) system that replaced the HPCI system. The const e motor-driven pump train powered by its own electrical division complete with J diesel fhese plants also have a single train low-pressure core spray system, as well as a RHR system similar to the system design in the BWR. 3/4 group. 

The team suggested mitigations. For example, the consequences of an ammonia release could be markedly reduced by a reliable and quick-acting water spray system. The probability of damage due to ship collisions could be reduced by a f tor of five by a speed limit of eight knots. Evacuation of the potentially affected is practicable and effective. 

A device called an air washer is also used for humidification and dehumidification, It consists of a chamber incorporating a water spray system, a collection tank, and an eliminator section. The eliminator plates are necessary to reduce the incidence of water droplets that are carried out of the plant into the duct run. 

Regarding fires, water is the primary extinguishing agent, and it should be available in adequate supply and pressure at all of the locations in the plant. The layout for various types of installations and the appropriate recommendations are found in the standards of the National Fire Protection Association. Fire hydrants, hose lines, automatic sprinkler and water spray systems should all be a part of the permanent equipment facilities of the plant. 

Water spray systems. Tliese are used for exposure protection of buildings, tanks, and control of Class B flaimnable liquid fires. 

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