Sludge disposal

Sludge disposal typically can be responsible for 25 to 40 percent of the operating costs of a biological treatment system. Treatment of sludge is aimed primarily at reducing its volume. This is so because the sludge is usually 95 to 99 percent water and the cost of disposal... 

This PAG contains 1—2% sulfate as soluble calcium sulfate. Sulfate has been found to make PAG products unstable precipitate forms in less than one week at 50°G. Sulfate, however, has also been seen to increase PAG activity in water clarification and is thus intentionally added in one preparation (24). Precipitated calcium sulfate creates a sludge disposal problem. Typical Al content as AI2O2 of PAG products made from alum is 6 —8%. 

Sludge Disposal. Land disposal of wet sludges can be accomplished ia a number of ways Lagooniag or the application of liquid sludge to land by tmck or spray system, or by pipeline to a remote agricultural or lagoon site. 

Fluidized-bed process incinerators have been used mostly in the petroleum and paper industries, and for processing nuclear wastes, spent cook liquor, wood chips, and sewage sludge disposal. Wastes in any physical state can be applied to a fluidized-bed process incinerator. Au.xiliary equipment includes a fuel burner system, an air supply system, and feed systems for liquid and solid wastes. The two basic bed design modes, bubbling bed and circulating bed, are distinguished by the e.xtent to which solids are entrained from the bed into the gas stream. 

R. D. Kanakamedala and M. R. Islam. A new method of petroleum sludge disposal and utilization. In Proceedings Volume, volume 2, pages 675-682. 6th Unitar et al Heavy Crude Tar Sands Int Conf (Houston, TX, 2/12-2/17), 1995. 

Both air emission control and sludge disposal are extremely important in a steel acid pickling plant.18-20... 

High sludge formation Low sludge formation No sludge disposal or centrifugation... 

Plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, muscle, Liverpool Bay, UK, sludge disposal ground ... 

Scotland, 1982-87, sludge disposal sites vs. reference sites, ... 

Leah, R.T., S.E. Collings, M.S. Johnson, and S.J. Evans. 1993. Mercury in plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the sludge disposal ground of Liverpool Bay. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 26 436-439. 

North East Irish Sea total As (<1% inorganic) muscle sludge disposal site vs. reference site ... 

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