High-pressure injection

Sodium is commonly shipped in 36- to 70-t tank cars in the United States. Smaller amounts are shipped in 16-t tank tmcks or ISO-tanks. Sodium is also available in 104- and 190-kg dmms, and in bricks (0.5—5 kg). A thin layer of oxide, hydroxide, or carbonate is usually present. Sodium is also marketed in small lots as a dispersion in an inert hydrocarbon, or produced in-process via high pressure injection into a pumped stream of inert carrier fluid, such as toluene or mineral oil. 

M. Nuti, M Variable Timing Electronically Controlled High Pressure Injection System for 2S S.I Engines, SAE 900799, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, Pa., 1990. 

In some BWR transient scenarios, the high pressure injection systems are postulated to fail. To make use of the low pressure injection system, it is necessary to depressurize the reactor coolant system, a function performed by the automatic depressurization system (ADS). In the scenario considered, ADS actuation is manual because the signals for automatic initiation of the system are not present. 

Manifold barriers confine the radioactivity to the 1) ceramic fuel pellet 2) clad 3) cooling water, as demonstrated by the TMI-2 accident 4) primary cooling loop 5) containment and 6) separation from the public by siting. Further protection is provided by engineered safety systems pressurizers, depressurization, low pressure injection, high pressure injection and residmil heat removal systems. 

Remove core decay heat High pressure injection system Low pressure injection system High pressure recirculation system Core flood tanks Auxiliary feedwater system Power conversion system Remove core decay heat Auxiliary feedwal stem Power conversion m High pressure inj( i system pow. peiuicd relief valves... 

SLOCA encompasses pipe break sizes in the range of 1 to 8 inches it is mitigated by high pressure injection from 2 out of 3 pumps and 2 out of 3 accumulators... 

These plants are designed with two independent high-pressure injection systems, namely reactor cooling sure coolant injection (HPCl). The associated pumps are each potiered fay turbine. also have a multi-loop core spray system and a multi-mode residual heat re sy.stem that can be aligned for low-pressure coolant injection, shutdown cooling, suppre.ssion pc containment spray functions. 

High-pressure injection direct to the boiler drum... 

Faulkner, G.L. and Pascale, C.A., Monitoring regional effects of high pressure injection of industrial waste water in a limestone aquifer, Groundwater, 13, 197-208, 1975. 

Flow in undisturbed rock normally is radial toward a site of lower pressure (the wellbore). The fracture crack created by high pressure injection usually forms perpendicular to the least principle stress that exists in the rock. The induced fracture intersects and disrupts the radial flow pattern such that flow becomes linear and more direct to the well. This phenomenon has been intensively examined and discussed by authors working in the discipline of rock mechanics as applied to hydrocarbon reservoirs. Hydraulic fractures created in oil and gas wells grow mainly vertically, parallel to the wellbore as depicted in Figure 1 and extend on either side of the perforated wellbore as "wings11 (7-11). 

Another plan is to pump the carbon into coal seams, old oil and gas fields and deep, porous rock formations. This high-pressure injection would also release the remaining oil or gas out of depleted fields. 

Limited Electrical electronic parts 2 High pressure injection... 

Figure 5.2. Principle of high-pressure injection moulding...

Limited Limited Mass production >10000 High pressure injection Electrical electronic parts... 

Deep well disposal involves injecting liquid wastes into a porous subsurface stratum that contains noncommercial brines [57]. The wastewaters are stored in sealed subsurface strata isolated from groundwater or mineral resources. Disposal wells may vary in depth from a few hundred feet (100 m) to 15,000 ft (4570 m), with capacities ranging from less than 10 to more than 2000 gpm. The disposal system consists of the well with high-pressure injection pumps and pretreatment equipment necessary to prepare the waste for suitable disposal into the well. 

METLCAP is a chemical cement that encapsulates, stabilizes, and solidifies hazardous heavy metals in solid form, in slurry form, or in solution. The cement is composed of magnesium oxychloride, which forms when magnesium chloride and magnesium oxide, with water, are mixed together with the metals. The hardened cement product is insoluble and itself becomes a usable resource as cement or as fill material. The METLCAP technology is applicable as an in sitn or ex situ treatment or for high-pressure injection grouting and construction of slnrry walls. Currently, the process is patented and commercially available from Stark Encapsulation, Inc. 

A fatty acid based corrosion inhibitor can form a tenacious film on the metal surfaces of a fuel injection pump. The tight tolerances in high-pressure injection pumps require very little fluid film for proper lubrication. 

The technology for controlling emissions from heavy-duty vehicles has, until recently, focussed on in-cylinder measures such as direct injection (DI) and high-pressure injection (HPI, >150 MPa). However, at current and future emission levels SCR has become the NOx emission-control technology of choice, whilst DPFs will effectively become mandatory at the Euro VI level (Table 4). 

The operation of septumless syringe injectors involves inserting a syringe needle into the injector and tightening an inert seal around the needle in order to obtain a pressurized fit. A valve is then adjusted and the injection is made at the operating pressure and flow-rate of the column. The syringe must be suitable for high-pressure injection. 

The basic components of an HPLC system are (1) a pump with a constant flow control (2) a high-pressure injection valve (3) a chromatographic column (4) a detector and (5) a strip-chart recorder or a data system for measuring peak areas and retention times. Calibration standards are prepared at various concentrations and the retention times and peak areas of the analytes are compared against the standard solutions of analytes for their identifications and quantitations. 

In SFC, the mobile phase is delivered by a high-pressure pump. The sample is usually injected as a solution by means of a high-pressure injection valve. The column may either be a packed column, comparable to a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) column, or an open capillary column, comparable to a capillary gas chromatographic (GC) column, but with somewhat smaller internal diameters (50-100 / m). Detection is performed either on-line, (i.e., UV-VIS) or after the expansion of the fluid [i.e., flame ionization detection (FID) or mass spectrometry... 

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