Installation water spray systems

NFPA 16 Standard for the Installation of Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems, 1999 edition. National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA. 

Regarding fires, water is the primary extinguishing agent, and it should be available in adequate supply and pressure at all of the locations in the plant. The layout for various types of installations and the appropriate recommendations are found in the standards of the National Fire Protection Association. Fire hydrants, hose lines, automatic sprinkler and water spray systems should all be a part of the permanent equipment facilities of the plant. 

The usual protection for large installations is to provide a water-spray system. For small bulk storage, fire hoses or monitors are often adequate. However, for installations over 50 tons of storage (and all major cylinder-filling plants) it is accepted that a fixed water-spray system needs to be provided which is automatically initiated by a system capable of detecting a fire threatening the vessels... 

For example, if LPG vessels are considered to be within a fire-scenario envelope, they require fireproofing unless protected by a fixed water spray system. API Standard 2510, Design and Construction of Liquefied Petroleum Gas Installations (API, 2001) recommends fireproofing pipe supports within 50 ft (15 m) of the LPG vessel, or within the spill containment area. 

Fixed installations, such as water spray systems, halon systems, sprinkler systems, carbon dioxide extinguishing systems, explosion suppression systems, and other fire protection installations are often provided with flow and trouble detection switches connected to transmitters. A signal indicating the condition of the system should be sent to the attended location(s). 

Water spray systems should be provided with a water flow alarm installed in accordance with NFPA13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems. Electrically oper-... 

At least one remote manual actuation device independent of the manual actuation device located at the system actuation valve should be installed for all automatic water spray systems. 

Water spray systems designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 15... 

Inspection and Preventive Maintenance As with all water-based extinguishing systems, particularly those installed outside, inspection and preventive maintenance are critical to reliable operation. Detection devices are typically inspected, tested, and maintained quarterly or at a frequency deemed more appropriate for a particular location. The water-spray system itself is typically flow-tested at least annually (NFPA 25, 1995). Because of the nozzles small orifice size, scale and corrosion buildup can compromise flow and spray patterns. The use of strainers and the conduct of flow tests will help minimize this potential problem. As stated earlier, preventive maintenance of the overall water supply and distribution systems is an integral part of a reliable system. 

Are all fire water spray-system modifications being designed (including flow calculations) and installed by qualified personnel or contractor ... 

Planetary coolers Acoustic screening wall with ventilation openings or fixed enclosure with ventilating fans, or movable enclosure around noisiest part of the cooler, provided (if necessary) with cooling fans if no water spraying system for cooling the tubes is installed. A more radical solution is to accommodate the whole kiln and planetary cooler in a closed sound-insulated building with air intake fans and with exhaust air outlets provided with sound attenuators (silencers) (see Funke, 1973). 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). NFPA 16, installation of foam-water sprinkler and foam-water spray systems. Quincy, MA NFPA 2011. 

A filter cake from the wringer is washed to remove absorbed acid, transferred to a slurry tank of water, and quickly submerged, after which the nitrocellulose is pumped to the stabilization operation as a diluted water slurry. Exhaust systems are installed to protect personnel and equipment from acid fumes, and water sprays and cyclone separators are used for acid fume recovery before venting to the air. 

Provide safe separation distances Install fixed fire protection and alarms, water sprays (deluge), and/or foam systems activated by flammable gas, flame, and/or smoke detection devices... 

A spray booth can be installed as discussed above and provided with a running-water curtain system and an exhaust arrangement to absorb the oversprayed paint and its fumes. The paint fumes are circulated through the curtain of water and the harmless fumes are then discharged to the atmosphere. 

Sprinkler and water spray installations-Many process and storage area buildings should be protected by automatic sprinkler systems. The size and arrangement for water supply are dependent upon the nature of the hazard and the degree of protection desired. Water spray installations are particularly adapted for cooling uninsulated steel structures, elevated pipe lines, vessels, spheres, and similar plant installations. 

I. Deviation from these distances requires l pro tective installations such as fixed focm system-., water spray, automatic sprinklers, fire-system grading yf 4 or better, or superior construction. 

Data taken from NFPA 13, Installation of Sprinkler Systems (Quincy, MA National Fire Protection Associates, 1999) and NFPA 15, Standards for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection (Quincy, MA National Fire Protection Association, 1996). 

Depending on the criticality and value additional fire suppression systems are provided for protection. NFPA 850 section 5-8.6 recommends that oil-filled station and start-up transformers at power generation plants be protected with a water or foamwater spray system. The most common installation is a fixed water spray. Where several transformers are provided, a firewall is commonly used to separate and protect one unit from another. 

Combustible gas detectors—where a flammable vapor or gas hazard exists, gas detectors are typically installed. Gas detectors should be arranged to a low set point to sound an alarm and the upper set point to activate the water spray or deluge system. 

Fixed systems are complete installations piped from a central foam station to tanks or equipment, discharging through fixed delivery outlets. These outlets take the form of foam chambers, monitor nozzles, foam-water spray nozzles, etc. Any required pumps are permanently installed. 

Fire resistant insulating material can provide passive protection for both vertical and horizontal structural steel members. The level or rating of fire resistance should be consistent to the expected fire duration. Where only fire resistant insulating material will be used, the material and its installation system should be specified to have a 2- to 3-hour fire rating (UL 1709). In applications using a combination of fixed water spray or sprinkler protection and fire resistant insulation, a 1- to 2-hour fire rating (UL 1709) is frequently specified for the fireproofing. 

Replace water gauge at deluge valve with test gauge. Remove highest water spray nozzle in system and install test gauge. 

NFPA 11—Standard for Low-Fxpansion Foam NFPA 11A—Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems NFPA 12—Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems NFPA 12A—Standard on Halon 1301 Eire Extinguishing Systems NFPA 13—Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems NFPA 15—Standard for Water Spray fixed Systems for Fire Protection NFPA 25—Standard for the Inspection, Testingand Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems... 

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