Spectrometry instrumentation

Cotter, R.J., Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation and Applications in Biomedical Research, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1997. 

Instrumentation. Traditional methods of alpha and beta spectrometry instrumentation have changed little over the past decade. Alpha spectrometric methods typically rely on semi-conductor or lithium-drifted silicon detectors (Si(Li)), or more historically gridded ion chambers, and these detection systems are still widely used in various types of uranium-series nuclide measurement for health, environmental, and... 

Mass spectrometers must be regularly tuned or calibrated against a known standard, e.g. perfluorotributy-lamine (PFTBA). The trend is towards miniaturisation (10 x 24 x 14 in.). A concept for a micro mass spectrometer, with potential applications in process monitoring, has been presented [167]. Mass-spectrometry instrumentation (1997) has been reviewed [166]. 

J. T. Watson and O. D. Sparkman, Introduction to Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation, Applications, and Strategies for Data Interpretation, 4th Edition, Chichester, Wiley, 2007. 

The IRIS spectra of Titan s atmosphere returned from Voyager I show extensive organic composition across the entire disc of Titan (Figure 10.7) and only promises (or threatens) more organic complexity when the measurements from the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instruments on the Huygens probe are returned. 

It is clear that a complex hydrocarbon polymer chemistry must exist in the atmosphere of Titan involving polyyne species, polynitrile species and mixtures of the two, and additional routes to polyaromatic hydrocarbon formation. This presents a significant problem for the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instruments on the Huygens probe. There should be hydrocarbon fragments, producing perhaps... 

Further improvements in retrospectivity and detection limits will hinge on future enhancements of sensitivity and resolution of electro-spray mass spectrometry instruments and of several hybrid configurations. 

Rolf Ekman, Jerzy Silberring, Ann M. Westman-Brinkmalm, and Agnieszka Kraj (Editors) Mass Spectrometry Instrumentation, Interpretation, and Applications... 

It would be possible to write an entire book on the topic of emission spectrometry instrumentation devoted only to solution samples. There has been a literal mountain of research devoted to better thermal sources—gas flame, gas plasma and shrouded flames for often as a fluid sample in the form of an aerosol which is dried in the flame and the atoms in the salt are then excited. Clearly, the flow rate into a nebulizer that forms the aerosol must be constant, the droplet size consistent and more. 

Christman et al. [72] gave details of procedures for extraction, clean-up, and concentration of samples of soil prior to the determination of their content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Instrumental parameters are also included. Some typical results are tabulated. 

Accelerator mass spectrometry Instrumental technique for direct enumeration of low-level radioactive nuclides. 

Niessen, W.M.A. Progress in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry instrumentation and its impact on high-throughput screening. 

Roboz, J., Introduction to Mass Spectrometry, Instrumentation and Techniques. Wiley (Interscience), New York, 1968. 

The novel horizons in natural product chemistry are a consequence of advances in mass spectrometry instrumentation. Current applications comprise the elucidation of natural products as part of total extract mixtures in samples of interest to environmental chemists, archaelogists, paleobotanists, geologists, oceanographers, atmospheric chemists, forensic chemists and engineers. The list of applications is expected to expand and some examples are discussed in this chapter. 

Cerrato Oliveros, C. Boggia, R., Casale, M., Armanino, C., Forina, M. (2005) Optimisation of a new headspace mass spectrometry instrument discrimination of different geographical origin olive oils. J. Chromatogr. A 1076 7-15. 

Research on the chemical basis for allelopathy has often been hindered by the complexity of plant and soil matrices, making it difficult to track active compounds. Recent improvements in the cost and capabilities of bench-top chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments make these tools more powerful and more widely available... 

Selected topics in Fourier-Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry instrumentation are discussed in depth, and numerous analytical application examples are given. In particular, optimization ofthe single-cell FTMS design and some of its analytical applications, like pulsed-valve Cl and CID, static SIMS, and ion clustering reactions are described. Magnet requirements and the software used in advanced FTICR mass spectrometers are considered. Implementation and advantages of an external differentially-pumped ion source for LD, GC/MS, liquid SIMS, FAB and LC/MS are discussed in detail, and an attempt is made to anticipate future developments in FTMS instrumentation. 

Aminoanthracene, 1- and 2-, reactions, effects of ion source temperature, 185,187/ Analytical Fourier transform mass spectrometry, instrumentation and application examples, 81-98 Apodization, 27,28 Applications, future, 14,15 Aromatic amines, negative ion chemical ionization, 176... 

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