Electro spray mass spectrometry

Further improvements in retrospectivity and detection limits will hinge on future enhancements of sensitivity and resolution of electro-spray mass spectrometry instruments and of several hybrid configurations. 

Smyth, W. E, and Brooks, P. (2004). A critical evaluation of high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis-electro-spray-mass spectrometry for the detection and determination of small molecules of signiflcance in clinical and forensic science. Electrophoresis 25, 1413—1446. 

Polymeric stationary phases have many advantages when polymerized in capillaries (diameter < 0.5 mm) as rods in the presence of porogens to yield channels for mobile phase transport. They are frequently used in the analysis of peptides, proteins, and nucleic acids when directly coupled to electro spray mass spectrometry. 

Li, J., Thibault, P., Bings, N.H., Skinner, C.D., Wang, C., Colyer, C., Harrison, D.J., Integration of microfabricated devices to capillary electrophoresis-electro-spray mass spectrometry using a low dead volume connection Application to rapid analyses of proteolytic digests. Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 3036-3045. 

P.A.D. Agostino, L.R. Provost and J.R. Hancock, Analysis of mustard hydrolysis products by packed capillary liquid chromatography-electro-spray mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 808, 177-184 (1998). 

P.A. D Agostino, J.R. Hancock and L.R. Provost, Packed capillary liquid chromatography-electro-spray mass spectrometry analysis of organophos-phorus chemical warfare agents, J. Chromatogr., A, 840, 289-294 (1999). 

Muller, M., Belas, F.J., Blair, I.A., and Guengerich, F.P. (1997) Analysis of l,]V2-ethenoguanine and 5,6,7,9-tetrahydro-7-hydroxy-9-oxoimidazo[l,2-a]purine in DNA treated with 2-chlorooxirane by high performance liquid chromatography/electro-spray mass spectrometry and comparison of amounts to other DNA adducts. Chem. Res. Toxicol, 10, 242-247. 

Mulder, T. P, van Platerink, C. J., Wijnand Schuyl, P. J., and van Amelsvoort, J. M. 2001. Analysis of theaflavins in biological fluids using liquid chromatography-electro-spray mass spectrometry. 7. Chromatogr. B 760 271-79. 

Pulfer, M. and Murphy, R. C. 2003. Electro spray mass spectrometry of phospholipids. Mass Spectrom. Rev. 22 332-64. 

For capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) mass spectrometry coupling, another modification of an ESI interface has been developed. This interface uses a sheath flow of liquid to make the electrical contact at the CZE terminus, thus defining both the CZE and electrospray field gradients. This way, the composition of the electro sprayed liquid can be controlled independently of the CZE buffer, thereby providing operation with buffers that could not be used previously, e.g., aqueous and high ionic strength buffers. In addition, the interface operation becomes independent of the CZE flow rate. [62]... 

Vivas, N. et al.. Differentiation of proanthocyanidin tannins from seeds, skins and stems of grapes Vitis vinifera) and heartwood of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and thioacidolysis/liquid chromatography/electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim. Acta, 513, 247, 2004. 

ESI tandem MS stands for electro spray ionization mass spectrometry performed in multistage. This technique is conducted based on the production of multiply charged ions from proteins and peptides. In this technique, ionization procedure is carried out within the instrument. Three types of mass analyzers are used individually or in combination. 

ERH equilibrium relative humidity ESI electro spray ionization FAB/MS fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry... 

The stoichiometry of the extracted M(III) complexes differs from that of the above-mentioned BTP ligands in that M L2 complexes (instead of M L3 complexes) have been identified by various techniques (e.g., X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, electro-spray ionization mass-spectrometry, and slope analysis in liquid-liquid extraction). 

The mass spectrometry portion of the analysis was carried out by coupling a Bruker Esquire ion-trap mass spectrometer to the LC-NMR system with a 20 1 splitter. The major portion of the flow was directed to the NMR system while the minor fraction went to the mass spectrometer. The system was plumbed such that the sample reached the mass spectrometer and the UV detector at the same time. In this configuration, it is possible to use the mass spectrometer as an intelligent detector, thus allowing stop-flow experiments to be initiated on the basis of observed molecular ions or daughter ion fragments. Data were acquired with electro-spray ionization (ESI) in the positive-ion mode. 

Fig. 3. Electro spray ionization mass spectrometry of the product generated by recombinant GalNAcT. Spectra were acquired in the negative mode. The molecular weight of globotetraose is 706.8. The ion peak at m/z 705.83 is attributed to the molecular ion M-H] of globotetraose.

Theory of CEC and methodological aspects of the technique are described exhaustively in the literature [1,2,3,4,5] and in this monograph and will not be dealt with here further. In this chapter, the current status of instrumentation for CEC is reviewed. General requirements, solvent delivery, and detection will be dealt with in some detail. Coupling of CEC separation with electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) is of particular importance and is treated in a separate chapter of this monograph. 

Ling, V., Guzzetta, A.W., Canova-Davis, E., Stults, J. T., Hancock, W. S., Covey, T. R., and Shushan, B. I. (1991). Characterization of the tryptic map of recombinant DNA derived tissue plasminogen activator by high-performance liquid chromatography-electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 63, 2909-2915. 

Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electro spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, pp. 21-59 (ed. A.P. Snyder), ACS Symposium Series 619, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. 

A. Antonopoulos, P. Favetta, W. Helbert, and M. Lafosse, On-line liquid chromatography-electro-spray ionization mass spectrometry for K-carrageenan oligosaccharides with a porous graphitic carbon column, J. Chromatogr. A, 1147 (2007) 37—41. 

Fuh, M.R., Wu, T.Y., and Lin, T.Y. Determination of amphetamine and methamphet-amine in urine by sohd phase extraction and ion-pair hquid chromatography-electro-spray-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2006, 68,987-991. 

ESI-MS/MS Electro spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry TIS-MS/MS Turbo Ion Spray interface-tandem mass spectrometry EAB-MS Fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry DCI-MS Desorption chemical ionization-mass spectrometry... 

Mass spectrometers see Chapter 7) coupled with gas and liquid chromatographs (see Chapter 6) afe powerful qualitative and quantitative analytical tools that are widely used to measure hormones. Technical advancements in mass spectrometry have resulted, in the, development of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ioiiizati,6n (MALDI) and electro-spray ionization techiiiques that allow siequencing of peptides and mass determination of piconiole quantities of analytes. 

AP Bruins. Liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry with ion spray and electro spray interfaces in pharmaceutical and biomedical research. J Chromatogr 554(l-2) 39 -6, 1991. 

Wu, S.T., Xia, Y.Q., and Jemal, M., High-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry coupled with liquid chromatography/electro spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-FAIMS-MS/MS) multi-component bioanalytical method development, performance evaluation and demonstration of the constancy of the compensation voltage with change of mobile phase composition or flow rate, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 21(22), 3667, 2007. 

B. E. Winger, J. E. Campana. Characterization of combinatorial peptide libraries by electro-spray ionization fourier transform mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectr. 1996, 10. 1811-1813. 

ESI-TOF MS Electro-spray ionization time of flight mass spectrometry... 

LC-MS/LC-ESl-MS Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry/Liquid Chromatography Electro Spray Interface Mass Spectrometry... 

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