Some Typical Results

In all cases the change of frequency with potential is quite small, of the order of a few Hz. 

The dependence of frequency on potential is typically of a parabolic shape around the potential of zero charge (pzc), but the maximum does not necessarily coincide with the potential of zero charge. 

A few examples of such behavior are shown in Fig. 6. There are different approaches to explain the effects observed  

Reorientation of water molecules caused by a change in the electric field inside the double layer with potential [100 102]. 

Marcel E)ekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 

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Using the method outlined above, calculations were performed for ten ternary systems. All binary parameters are shown in Table 4. Some typical results are shown in Figures 16 to 19. 

Although each machine has its pecuhar charac teristics and time requirements for various types of grinding, Fig. 20-40 illustrates some typical results obtained under optimum conditions for several materials. 

Some typical results for the physical properties of common gases which are of indusuial importance are given in Table 3.3. The special position of hydrogen which results from the small mass and size of the H2 molecule should be noted. 

We illustrate some typical results below for electrons and phonons. Closely related results are given elsewhere in this volumc[8,l 1]. 

Note. Some typical results are given below. Absorbance after first extraction 0.605 after second extraction 0.004 in presence of 100 fig A1 and 100 fig Ni the absorbance obtained is 0.602. 

Second. The interpretation of the results of dynamic measurements is far from being obvious. Figure 5 gives a schematic representation of some typical results of measuring frequency dependence of the modulus G (m) for compositions with different concen-... 

High enantioselectivities may be reached using the kinetic controlled Michael addition of achiral tin enolates, prepared in situ, to a,/i-unsaturated carbonyl compounds catalyzed by a chiral amine. The presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate as an activator is required in these reactions236. Some typical results, using stoichiometric amounts of chiral amine and various enolates are given below. In the case of the l-(melhylthio)-l-[(trimethylsilyl)thio]ethene it is proposed that metal exchange between the tin(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate and the ketene acetal occurs prior to the 1,4-addition237,395. 

Fig. 5—4. Analysis by the absorption-edge method. The solid lines are photometric measurements of a photograph of the x-ray intensity as a function of angle. The concentration is calculated from the ratio of these lines extrapolated to the absorption edge. Table 5-4 gives some typical results.

Table 7 shows some typical results for production primers from East Acton, Illinois,... 

Determination of the nature of the sulfate content was attempted by following the conch of this impurity in two ways (1) during the course of laboratory simulated industrial stabilization procedures, and (2) from successive dissolutions of unstabilized NC samples in various solvents and subsequent repptn from non-solvents. This approach was based on the premise that free occluded sulfuric acid would be released from the fibers by the soln-pptn treatment, whereas chemically combined sulfate would remain unaffected. The fuli details of the various expts can be found in Ref 5 some typical results are shown in Table 3 for four samples of NC of different nitrogen content... 

The above experimenters have used the technique described to obtain flow rate measurements of the liquid wall-film at various mass velocities, tube dimensions, etc., and some typical results from Staniforth and Stevens (S7) are shown in Fig. 7. Also shown are the values of burn-out heat flux obtained at the four different mass velocities indicated. It can be seen that the liquid-film flow rate decreases steadily with increasing heat flux until at burn-out the flow rate becomes zero or very close to zero. We thus have confirmation of a burn-out mechanism in the annular flow regime which postulates a liquid film on the heated wall diminishing under the combined effects of evaporation, entrainment, and deposition until at burn-out, the film has become so thin that it breaks up into rivulets which cause dry spots and consequent overheating. 

Some typical results are given in Table 21 and Table 22 shows the average rate coefficients (in some cases corrected for temperature and solvent differences) obtained for a range of compounds in carbon tetrachloride97. 

An uniaxial mechanical deformation provokes drastic changes in the identation pattern of drawn polymers. Some typical results illustrating the dependence of MH on draw ratio for plastically deformed PE are shown in Fig. 19 a. The quoted experiments 12) refer to a linear PE sample (Mw 80.000) prepared in the usual dumbbell form drawn at a rate of 0.5 cm/min at atmospheric pressure. Identations were performed longitudinally along the orientation axis. Before the neck (A = 1), the... 

To illustrate some typical results, consider the deposition of silicon from silane. The gas-phase reaction mechanism consists of 27 elementary reaction... 

The amount of acid required for nitrosamine destruction is dependent on the level of the nitrosamine impurity, the dinitroaniline being treated, the organic solvent used, temperature, and time. Each reactive mixture was appropriately worked up to a final isolate of the product. Some typical results are shown in Table 1. 

Table 5.5 gives some typical results for enantioselective reduction of ketones by alkylborohydrides and chloroboranes. 

Thus, the carotenoid acts as a catalyst deactivating 02. Many different carotenoids have been studied to investigate the influence of different carotenoid structural characteristics on the ability to quench ()2. Much of this work has been carried out in organic solvents with some typical results, taken from Conn et al. (1991), Rodgers and Bates (1980), and Edge et al. (1997) as shown in Table 14.1. 

The isomerization of the butanes and of neopentane has been studied over various types of evaporated platinum films by Anderson and Baker (68) and Anderson and Avery (108,24). Table II gives some typical results. It is clear that the proportion of parent hydrocarbon reacting to isomeric rather than to hydrogenolytic product is considerably smaller for a hydrocarbon with an unbranched as opposed to a branched chain containing an isostructural unit indeed, neopentane was studied as the archetypal molecule of the latter class. 

The rate of reaction is markedly solvent-dependent. In the higher-boiling solvents re-octane, ethylcyclohexane, and cfs-1,2-dimethyl cyclohexane the reaction is much faster, but prolonged reflux in these solvents causes extensive decomposition. Some typical results are the following re-octane, 1.75 hours, 64% yield ethylcyclohexane, 2.0 hours, 60% yield. 

These systems have been successfully applied as catalyst media for the biphasic, Rh-catalysed hydroformylation of 1-octene [11], [62]. The catalyst activities obtained with these systems were in all cases equal or even higher than those with the commonly used [BMIM][PF6]. Table 7.4 compares some typical results using Rh-sulfoxantphos in alkylsulfate and sulfonate ionic liquids with analogous experiments in a hexafluorophosphate system. 

Table 11.3 presents some typical results obtained by this procedure on seawater samples. MacKinnon [92] concluded that since the volatile organic carbon contents of normal (i.e., unpolluted) seawaters are small, the effect of complete or partial loss of volatile organic components during the determination of total organic carbon in most ocean areas (except highly reducing environments) with either the wet and direct injection methods or dry oxidation methods should be small (about 5%), and within the precision of these methods. 

Some typical results are shown in Table 2. The table shows that oxidation of conjugated dienes such as isoprene, piperylene (1,3-pentadiene), cyclopentadiene and 1,3-cyclohexadiene with a carbon anode in methanol or in acetic acid containing tetraethylammonium p-toluenesulfonate (EtjNOTs) as the supporting electrolyte yields mainly 1,4-addition products2. 1,3-Cyclooctadiene yields a considerable amount of the allylically substituted product. 

Some typical results from their simulations are presented in Fig. 16 in which the yield XQ of the product Q from the slow reaction of a set of two competitive reactions in a fed batch reactor has been plotted vs. impeller speed for two micromixing models, viz. their own CSV model and Bourne s EDD model their simulation results are compared with experimental data from Bourne and Yu (1991). For the cases shown, the CSV model may perform better than Bourne s EDD model, in particular when A is fed near to the impeller where mixing is most intense. 

Now the surface reaction rates alter the gas-phase reactant concentrations. Cutlip (38) has studied CO oxidation over Pt/Al203 in a gradientless reactor under conditions often leading to complete conversion. The feed gas alternated between 2% CO and 3% 02 in argon. Figure 9 shows some typical results. Clearly there is no hope of simulating such data by anthing but a complicated computer model. 

This paper deals with the current status of this potentially very powerful tool and shows characteristics and capabilities, and some typical results. In the near future, while the CIS module will mature, it is foreseen that a so-called CIS user group will be initiated, which NATO countries can join. 

Material like sapphire, which is a uniaxial crystal, does not show nonlinear fluorescence, and direct visualization of filaments is, consequently, not an option. However, the effect of rotation of plane polarization can also be probed in such materials by monitoring the spatial size of the white light disc, and of the spectrum of the super continuum that is produced. Figure 5.3 depicts some typical results obtained with 3 mm long sapphire crystals. The extent of the supercontinuum spectrum is seen to vary as a function of polarization angle. The supercontinuum spectrum has two components [39] symmetric broadening about the incident wavelength that is essentially ascribable to... 

To show this, we will present and discuss some typical results readily available in the literature. Here we will select systems simulated in the constant-pressure constant-surface-tension ensemble, i.e. with a temperature, pressure and surface tension control. 

The relative size of the contributions to AW in (8.69) can be assessed, by comparing AW to AW in (8.71), which neglects the effects of different occupancies and localized-state energies between the single- and doubleadsorption cases. Some typical results are depicted in Fig. 8.9 for a Ti substrate and = 1.667. The approximation AW is seen to either over- or under-estimate AW, at small adatom separations, with the approximation improving as d increases. Consequently, we conclude that the effect of the occupancies and localized-state energies is important only at small adatom separations. 

Christman et al. [72] gave details of procedures for extraction, clean-up, and concentration of samples of soil prior to the determination of their content of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans by gas chromatography and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Instrumental parameters are also included. Some typical results are tabulated. 

In the following we will present some typical results of urethanation and adipoylation and, in addition, of contact angles of surface-modified films against water. 

The iron group elements (from calcium to zinc). Some typical results on this group of elements are displayed in Figure 2. This group of elements have the most stable nuclei of the... 

A/dm at 25 °C in 69 99% current efficiency [245]. 2-Butene can be efficiently converted to 2-butanone in a two-phase system consisting of 1,3-dichloropropane and aqueous Tl2(S04)3-H2S04-(Pt) under vigorous stirring. Some typical results are listed in Table 14 [246-248]. 

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