Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry instrumentation

Muddiman, D.C., Bakhtiar, R., Hofstadler, S.A., and Smith, R.D. 1997. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry Instrumentation and applications. /. Chem. Edu. 74,1288-1292. 

D. J. Harvey, P. M. Rudd, R. H. Bateman, R. S. Bordoli, K. Howes, J. B. Hoyes, and R. G. Vickers, Examination of complex oligosaccharides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry on time-of-flight and magnetic sector instruments, Org. Mass Spectrom., 29 (1994) 753-766. 

Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) Mass spectra of native and denatured antibodies were obtained with a PerSeptive Biosystems (Farmingham, MA.) Voyager Elite mass spectrometer operated in the linear mode with a Laser Sciences Inc., 337 nm nitrogen laser. hAB-1 was denatured by boiling the sample in 1.0 M guanidine-HCl, 50 mM Tris pH 7.5 buffer. Native and denatured samples were diluted with 20 mM Tris, 10 mM octylglucoside (Tris/OG) pH 6.8 buffer prior to MALDl-MS analysis. Proteins were spotted on the sample plate as a sandwich between two layers of the matrix. The bottom layer consisted of 100 mM sinapinic acid in acetonitrile and the top layer consisted of 50 mM sinapinic acid in 30% acetonitrile / 70% H2O / 0.07% TFA. The m/z scale of the instrument was calibrated using a Hewlett-Packard protein standard mixture. 

Elucidation of degradation pathways and identification of transformation products (TPs) is of crucial importance in understanding their fate in the environment and requires the employment of advanced instrumental techniques. Analytical methods that can be used for this purpose include Uquid chromatography with diode array or fluorescence detector (LC-DAD/FL), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), gas... 

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) spectrometry is an ionization method that can be used to obtain accurate molecular mass information about polar biopolymers ranging in molecular mass from a few thousand to several hundred thousand Da. The method was first described nearly simultaneously in 1988 by two research groups, one German and the other Japanese. Commercial instrumentation is available for MALDI. ... 

Mass spectrometry has played a role in biochemistry since the early 1940s when it was introduced for use in following isotopic labels during metabolism.199-20 However, it was not until the 1990s that suitable commercial instruments were developed to permit mass spectrometry using two new methods of ionization. The techniques are called matrix-assisted laser desorption / ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. 

Developments in mass spectrometry technology, together with the availability of extensive DNA and protein sequence databases and software tools for data mining, has made possible rapid and sensitive mass spectrometry-based procedures for protein identification. Two basic types of mass spectrometers are commonly used for this purpose Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. MALDI-TOF instruments are now quite common in biochemistry laboratories and are very simple to use, requiring no special training. ESI instruments, usually coupled to capillary/nanoLC systems, are more complex and require expert operators. We will therefore focus on the use of MALDI-... 

Stoeckli, M. Farmer, T. B. Caprioli, R. M. 1999. Automated mass spectrometry imaging with a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight instrument. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom., 10, 67-71. 

The dynamic development of mass spectrometry has had a huge impact on lipid analysis. Currently, a variety of suitable mass spectrometers is available. In principal, a mass spectrometer consists of an ion source, a mass analyzer, and an ion detector. The typical features of each instrument (Fig. 2) result mostly from the types of ion source and mass analyzer. To date, the ionization techniques apphed to lipid analysis include Electrospray Ionization (ESI or nano-ESI), Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI), Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization... 

---