Specialized data bases

A scientist or engineer seated at any of these terminals may search through the system s indices or browse through the document citations to locate the ones he needs. The citations in the system are those which have appeared in Nuclear Science Abstracts (NSA) since 1967 or which have been compiled into one of the special data bases added to the system. Information from NSA or the special data bases can be selectively retrieved by typing simple search commands on the station s keyboard with the dialog between user... 

Since the data file is initially collected in a machine readable form that has a very general format, individual researchers began to develop their own specialized data bases with this information. Within a project these scientists can search their own files, prepare their own customized reports on these data and generally access their own data from remote terminals. Inasmuch as this same information has been sent to the corporate computerized data files, they also can request searches across project lines to compare their data with other test results on compounds of interest. 

At present, the data base used for the fit was not specially selected to avoid homologous proteins. Thus, a further improvement can be expected from using data for one of the specially prepared lists of PDB files (cf. Hobohm et al. [9]). We also expect further improvements from replacing the polynomial fits in the potential estimation procedure by piecewise cubic fits though at the moment it is not clear how to select the number of nodes needed to get a good but not overfitting approximation to the density. Finally, we are considering... 

Data-based (DDC) or programmable (PLC) controllers with universal inputs and outputs can be used. It is essential that they are configured before use. In some cases the input may be used only for temperature measurement from special types of thermistors. (Thermistors are constructed from semiconductor materials where the resistance changes reversibly proportional to the temperature, i.e., a negative temperature coefficient.)... 

NPRDS data are available to users, either through annual summary reports (to resume publication in the coming year) or through direct on-line data base access from a computer terminal. Special reports and listings are available through specific requests for extraction or data analysis. 

Opening segments of the IP2 PRA data analysis section describe the definitions of terms and concepts employed, the assumptions made, and limitations recognized during the data base construction. A set of 39 plant-specific component failure mode summaries established the basis for component service hour determinations, the number of failures, and the test data source for each failure mode given for each component. Generic data from WASH-1400, IEEE Std 500, and the LER data summaries on valves, pumps, and diesels were combined with plant-specific failure data to produce "updated" failure information. All the IP2 specialized component hardware failure data, both generic and updated, are contained in Table 1.5.1-4 (IP3 1.6.1-4). This table contains (by system, component, and failure mode) plant-specific data on the number of failures and service hours or demands. For some components, it was determined that specifications of the system was warranted because of its impact on the data values. 

Many successful projects have shown that application information can be divided into the following four categories Terminology, Special Characteristics, Abstract Functions, and Graphics. Although these categories are the basis for the searchable application data base, each project requires a conceptual phase to define how to focus. 

Library Design Based on Special Data Mining Algorithms... 

Design based on special data mining algorithms... 

LIBRARY DESIGN BASED ON SPECIAL DATA MINING ALGORITHMS... 

In a steam electric power plant, cooling water is utilized to absorb heat that is liberated from the steam when it is condensed to water in the condensers. The cooling water is withdrawn from a water source, passed through the system, and returned directly to the water source. Shock (intermittent) chlorination is employed in many cases to minimize the biofouling of heat transfer surfaces. Continuous chlorination is used only in special situations. Based on 308 data, approximately 65% of the existing steam electric power plants have once-through cooling water systems. 

These caveats noted, there are several areas that deserve special attention, where analyses and social-cultural factors and sources of influence need to be better understood. How are we to understand minority and ethnic differences in decreased medication use, above and beyond their likelihood of use of medications for other conditions While these analyses have not yet been confirmed across a wide range of data sets, such findings are provocative, and may warrant more systematic studies of atttitudes, barriers, and stigma within some minority communities. If such findings are confirmed in other statewide and national medication data bases, more in-depth studies of specific minority populations seem warranted. 

The second area of progressive development will be in the area of very specialized data collection mediums. We foresee a major extension in the area of direct data input using interactive video terminals built within the sensory evaluation booths. Although this will take a fairly extensive development in the area of software, the gains to be reaped by the development will far exceed the development costs itself. A large area of research has yet to be conducted concerning the application of microcomputers in sensory analysis as a data collection tool. Studies of inherent bias, effects on response freedom etc. will have to be undertaken in order to properly evaluate the computer as a data acquisition tool. Biases based on the way the software... 

The volumes in the series of Spectroscopic Techniques An Interactive Course are delivered with special versions of ID WIN-NMR and 2D WIN-NMR. They are a supplement for this course to be installed on a stand-alone PC and to be used exclusively for processing the experimental data supplied in the NMR data base. They cannot be used to process the users personal NMR data. The full version of ID WIN-NMR and 2D WIN-NMR software must be installed for this purpose and a special copy protection dongle (a WIBU key for the single user mode, or a Net-HASP key for the multi-user/network mode) must be used. Note also that for 2D WIN-NMR a standard 16-bit and a more powerful 32-bit version exist. Please refer to the description in the corresponding Bruker manuals [2.1, 2.2]. 

The following guideline is restricted to H- and C NMR data and is based on the series of NMR experiments outlined in chapter 3. The same experiments have been used to obtain the data in the NMR data base. The experimental set up of these popular experiments is relatively straightforward and their combined application ha.s proved to be a very efficient and informative way of solving structural problems. A variety of additional experiments exist and these should be used if and when appropriate in solving special problems. 

No special indications for particular types of depression have been found for the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or other newer antidepressants. The popularity of these drugs, despite their higher cost, is due principally to their greater acceptance by patients. A provocative clinical report that fluoxetine use increased suicidal or aggressive ideation was not supported by subsequent analyses of massive data bases. Suicidal thoughts are part of the depressive syndrome. 

If we sum the uses/compound, we get a frequency for each medical use. If we plot the number ot different uses against the frequency ot that use on probability paper or log-log plot, we get a distribution curve. The distribution curves for four different subsets ot the data in appear in (9). Each shows that the data form a tairly straight line over two orders ot magnitude. The curves represent an attempt to tit the points with a normal, rather than a log-normal, distribution. It is obvious that the curves do not tit the points and that therefore the medical use distribution function is log-normal rather than normal. My understanding is that this log-normal distribution is typical ot natural text data bases despite the highly specialized character ot the medical use data base ... 

In considering the limitions of disk storage we must further consider the data base of chemical reactions which must be available to the program We have mentioned the number 25,000 as the number of synthetic reactions now existing. This is the present size of the file of Derwent.(2) Naturally, of these 25,000 the most popular 2000 are used more than all of the rest put together. Nonetheless, many molecules of interest have something special about them so that their synthesis may require an unusual reaction. Finally we observe that there is an enormous store of literature observations about reactions which show us that such and such a reaction is inappropriate when such and such a substructure is present because the desired reaction proceeds at a slower rate than that of a side reaction. These must in principle and sooner or later in fact be incorporated into any useful reaction data base. 

It is important to assess the need to implement further atomic and molecular reactions into the modeling. Our knowledge about the re-erosion yields of deposited layers has to improved urgently. A better understanding of hydrocarbon molecules and radicals is needed, in particular with respect to layer formation and material transport. The atomic data bases needed for the spectroscopic determination of impurity fluxes has to be improved for a critical re-evaluation of erosion yield measurements in tokamaks. The behaviour of mixed material systems (C, Be, W, etc.) deserves special attention. The data base about the dependence of chemical erosion on surface temperature, plasma flow density and ion energies needs to be consolidated. Finally the benchmarks of the numerical models with dedicated experiments must be one of the prime tasks of ongoing experiments. 

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