Cultural factors

Addition of up to 200 ppm sulfur dioxide to grape musts is customary. Strains of S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus grown in the presence of sulfite, become tolerant of fairly high concentrations of SO2. Cultures propagated in the winery are added in Hquid suspension, usually at 1—2% of the must volume. Many strains are available in pure culture. Factors such as flocculence, lack of foaming, fast fermentation, lack of H2S and SO2 formation, resistance to sulfur dioxide and other inhibitors, and flavor production will affect strain choice. No strain possesses all the desired properties. 

Error-Inducing Conditions 1.7.1.3. Design and Culture Factors... 

An evaluation system currently being developed for process industry operations (the HFAM technique described in Chapter 2, Section 2.7) addresses organizational and work culture factors such as ... 

People who abuse inhalants are found in both urban and rural settings. Adverse socioeconomic conditions, rather than racial or cultural factors per se, account for most reported ethnic differences in rates of inhalant abuse. Native American youths living on reservations typically have higher rates of inhalant abuse than youths both in the general population and among Native Americans who do not live on reservations (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration 1996). 

Isotopic variation in European human remains is caused by a combination of environmental, biological and cultural factors. For carbon, the main influence is the dominance of C3 photosynthesis in all vegetation types. The factors that can cause deviations from this general trend are the climatic effect,... 

Abused drugs generally produce pleasant effects that are desired by the user. However, while most individuals will experience these pleasant effects, not everyone abuses these drugs, and not everyone who abuses them becomes dependent on them. Why some persons abuse drugs while most people do not is a complex area of research. It appears that genetic, environmental, and cultural factors may all interact to predispose some individuals to substance abuse and subsequent dependence. The initial hedonic experiences secondary to use of drugs appear to be primarily due to their ability to activate the primary reward circuits in the brain. These same reward circuits operate under normal circumstances to reinforce certain activities that promote survival, such as food, social affiliation, or sexual activity. 

Before going on to analyze the importance of taking cultural factors into account in order to correctly identify symptoms and, therefore, to reach a correct diagnosis and apply a suitable treatment, we are going to briefly review some of the terms frequently used to talk about cultural factors, such as race or ethnicity, as well as acculturation. Despite their widespread use both by laypersons and in academic spheres, these terms have rarefy been defined and on occasions are even used indistinctly (Adebimpe, 1994). 

In view of the different manifestations of psychopathological behaviors found in diverse groups that cannot be adequately accounted for by factors concerning race, ethnic group or the acculturation process, Agbayani-Siewert et al. (1999) put forward a model that allows direct examination of the impact of cultural factors on psychopathological manifestations, while continuing to include structural social factors. 

Thus, analyzing the individualism/collectivism construct as a cultural factor can help to explain why some ethnic groups apparently under-use mental health services and, in contrast, rely on members of the family to provide care in possible... 

C. Cultural factors related to psychosocial environment and levels of functioning... 

Conventional livestock production systems can be very diverse and this diversity is influenced by economic, geographic, environmental and cultural factors. Conventional inputs for direct use in ruminant production include many types of plant feeds (i.e. forages, cereals, soybeans, etc.), industrial by-products (i.e. molasses, distiller s dried grain, meat bone meal, etc.), feed... 

Pain is always subjective thus pain is best diagnosed based on patient description, history, and physical exam. A baseline description of pain can be obtained by assessing PQRST characteristics (palliative and provocative factors, quality, radiation, severity, and temporal factors). Attention should be given to mental factors that may lower the pain threshold (anxiety, depression, fatigue, anger, fear). Behavioral, cognitive, social, and cultural factors may also affect the pain experience. 

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