Minority populations

Lecossier D, Shulman NS, Morand-Joubert L, Shafer RW, Joly V, Zolopa AR, Clavel F, Hance AJ (2005) Detection of minority populations of HlV-1 expressing the K103N resistance mutation in patients faihng nevirapine. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 38 37-42... 

Heart failure is more prevalent and associated with a worse prognosis in African-Americans compared to the general population.1 Unfortunately, deficiencies in disease prevention, detection, and access to treatment are well documented in minority populations. African-Americans and other races are underrepresented in clinical trials, compromising the extrapolation of results from these studies to ethnic subpopulations. The influence of race on efficacy and safety of medications used in HF treatment has received additional attention with... 

Another possible source of modification of the HBI optical properties arises from cis-trans (or, more properly, Z-E) isomerization around its exocyclic ethylene bridge (dihedral angle x as depicted in Fig. 3a) [74, 75]. The absorption spectrum of trans HBI in different solvents is red-shifted by 5-10 nm compared to that of the cis conformation [76]. While the trans conformation is thermodynamically unfavorable and contributes only a minor population at room temperature, cis-trans isomerization seems to take place regardless of the chromophore ionization state, and involves a relatively low energy barrier of about 50 kJ/mol [75], a value that appears significantly lower than initially predicted from quantum mechanics [77, 78]. 

Pharmacogenomics and Minority Populations General Population Survey Questionnaire, 337... 

The MD-tar distribution of conformers obtained for every particular gly-cosidic linkage is shown in Eig. 2a, superimposed on the MM3 steric maps previously calculated. It can be observed that for the I/II linkage, a major population is centered around 0/V = -55°/-45°. A very minor population around 4>/ P = -25°/30° was also detected. In contrast, the IV/III linkage is characterized by a high degree of flexibility, with two different conformations almost equally populated located at

/ P =-50°/45°. Nevertheless, both glycosidic linkages exhibit common features (p values are... 

Integral plasma membrane proteins from a human lung cancer cell line (62 prenylated proteins and 45 Ras family proteins) urinary proteins AGP-derived glycoproteins major and minor populated isoforms of antithrombin regulatory lipids in breath condensate ... 

Zolpidem. Minor population. Lacks benzodiazepine site... 

These caveats noted, there are several areas that deserve special attention, where analyses and social-cultural factors and sources of influence need to be better understood. How are we to understand minority and ethnic differences in decreased medication use, above and beyond their likelihood of use of medications for other conditions While these analyses have not yet been confirmed across a wide range of data sets, such findings are provocative, and may warrant more systematic studies of atttitudes, barriers, and stigma within some minority communities. If such findings are confirmed in other statewide and national medication data bases, more in-depth studies of specific minority populations seem warranted. 

Allele-specific PCR is another powerful methodology designed to measure minor variants in DNA. PCR primers are designed to specifically amplify one of the two alleles, taking advantage of the greatest dynamic range of qPCR to detect even very minor populations (96). 

A very minor population of CAIs have ultra-refractory compositions, with enrichments in the most refractory trace elements of over a factor 1,000 times Cl chondritic composition. The most spectacular of these is OSCAR, which consists of... 

Dick AD, Ford AL, Fonester JV, Sedgwick JD (1995) Flow cytometric identification of a minority population of MHC class II positive cells in the normal rat retina distinct from CD451owCDllb/c-l- CD41ow parenchymal microglia. Br J Ophthalmol 79 834—840. 

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