Solid disposal

Oil additives have been used for a number of years. They are normally introduced as suspensions of metallic oxides or other salts such as Mg (OFI)2, Ca (OH)2, AI2O3, etc., in fuel oil or water. Use of these compounds has been shown to be uneconomic, ineffective and to cause problems, i.e., tube fouling, increased soot blower usage, solids disposal, etc., rather than cure them. 

The solids that result from wastewater treatment may contain concentrated levels of contaminants that were originally contained in the wastewater. A great deal of concern must be directed to the proper disposal of these solids to protect environmental considerations. Failure to do this may result in a mere shifting of the original pollutants in the waste stream to the fmal disposal site where they may again become free to contaminate the environment and possibly place the public at risk. A more reasonable approach to ultimate solids disposal is to view the sludge... 

CH4 emitted from manure depends primarily on (i) the management system such as solid disposal system, liquid disposal systems, e.g., ponds, lagoons, and tanks, which can emit up to 80% of manure-based CH4 emissions, while solid manure emits little or no CH4. (ii) Environmental conditions are also important. The higher the temperature and moisture, the more CH4 produced, (iii) CH4 emissions also depend on the quantity of the manure produced, which depends on the number of animals housed, the amount of feed the consumed, and the digestibility of the feed, (iv) Manure characteristics depend on the animal type, feed quality, and rumen microbes present in the rumen and digestive tracks. Manure handled in liquid form tends to release more amount of CH4 when compared to solid or manures thrown into the pasture, which do not decompose anaerobically. High temperatures with neutral pH and high moisture content enhance CH4 production [45],... 

Land availability for the wastewater treatment system should be determined. There are a number of tradeoffs that can be made in the biological processing step and biological solids disposal to reduce land requirements. 

Allow the precipitate to settle, then decant the liquid from the solid. Dispose of the solid as your teacher instructs. 

Maintenance and operation of single-stage continuous powdered activated carbon system, 10 gal/min wet-oxidation unit, solid disposal, groundwater pumping, neutralization, and effluent discharge. 

One problem resulting from the hot-water process is disposal and control of the tailings. Each ton of oil sand in place has a volume of ca 0.45 m3, which generates ca 0.6 m3 of tailings and gives a substantial volume gain. If the mine produces 200,000 t/d of oil sand, volume expansion represents a considerable solids disposal problem. 

Duguid, J.O., "Assessment of DOE low-level radioactive waste solid disposal storage activity", Battelle Columbus Laboratory, BMI-1984, 1977. 

Silicon is present as a gelatinous orthosilicic acid in the waste acid and is removed during filtration. The resulting filtrate can be recycled to the strip operation, and the solids disposed of as mixed waste. The solids are neutralized by thermally degrading CuC204 to CuO, a less toxic waste. It is desirable to keep the U in solution during precipitation and allow it to concentrate by recycling. 

The oil producer, on the other hand, must dispose of any solids removed from an emulsion-treatment system by land farming (placement of waste solids in an approved landfill area), shipment to an approved waste facility, re-injection through a disposal well or water-flood system, or shipment to pipeline. These options are governed by the amount of oil associated with the solids, which is directly related to emulsion-breaking capabilities and the amount of solids present. In many cases it may be desirable for an oil producer to blend a portion of oil-wet solids into shipments for pipeline if the specification of less than 0.5% BS W is not exceeded. This method of solids disposal may be the most cost-effective available to the producer. 

Sludge number Treatment Solids % Disposal route Catchment details... 

General guidelines for initial disposal (D, dilute with water neutralize, if necessary, with an appropriate inorganic acid or base and flush down drain C, chlorinated solvent disposal NC, non-chlorinated solvent disposal S, solid disposal in accredited landfill site or burned in a chemical incinerator R, refer to local safety officer)... 

At the Shawnee Test Facility, major emphasis has been placed on the use of adipic acid in conjunction with forced oxidation of calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate, since this system results in better sludge dewatering properties and reduced waste solids disposal costs. Furthermore, the more tightly closed liquor loop,... 

MW new coal-fired power unit, 3.5% sulfur in coals 89.6% SO2 removal onsite solids disposal)... 

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