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Breaking emulsion

Emulsified oil contains a Hquid film so that it will not separate by gravity without first breaking the emulsion. This is achieved by adding surfactants, emulsion breaking polymers or coagulants. After the emulsion is broken, the conventional technologies described above are appHcable. [Pg.182]

Density (liquid droplet) Emulsion breaking Hydrometer... [Pg.538]

PI 6 Emulsion Breaking - Thermal 2 = too parts per million (0.01 percent) to... [Pg.48]

PI 7 Emulsion Breaking - Chemical 1 percent (10,000 parts per million)... [Pg.48]

P16 Emulsion Breaking - Thermal S - Less than 1 part per billion... [Pg.78]

P18 Emulsion Breaking - Other fNote Parts per million (ppm) is milligrams4[Pg.78]

Electrical isolation Heat radiation Cooling coils Recent incidents Vacuum relief valves Accidents at sea Fires Problem sources Emulsion breaking Chimney effects Interlock failure Choosing materials. [Pg.410]

Physical methods for endpoint detection have been suggested. Hellsten [226] proposed an instrumental turbidimetric method to determine the endpoint, which does not need indicators. Since chloroform is emulsified by the anionic surfactant, changes in the optical density can be followed by a colorimeter thus detecting the endpoint when the emulsion breaks. Another turbidimetric method based on commercially available automatic titrators has also been proposed [227],... [Pg.280]

The stabilization of water-oil emulsions happens as a result of the interfacial layers, which mainly consist of colloids present in the crude oil—asphaltenes and resins. By adding demulsifiers, the emulsion breaks up. With water-soluble... [Pg.326]

The dielectric constant can be used as a criterion for screening, ranking, and selecting demulsifiers for emulsion breaking. In a study, the dielectric constants of emulsions and demulsifiers were measured using a portable capacitance meter, and bottle tests were conducted according to the API specification [18]. The results showed that the dielectric constants can be used effectively to screen and rank demulsifiers, whereas a confirmatory bottle test should be conducted... [Pg.327]

A study by Environment Canada and the U.S. Minerals Management Service attempted to develop a standard test for emulsion breaking agents [586]. Nine types of shaker test methods were tried. Although the results are comparable with different tests, a stable water-in-oil emulsion must be used to yield reproducible results. Tests with unstable emulsions showed nonrepro-ducible and inconsistent results. [Pg.328]

M. L. Braden and S. J. Allenson. Reverse emulsion breaking method using amine containing polymers. Patent US 5032285, 1991. [Pg.362]

P. H. Fitzgerald, N. O. Wolf, C. R. Clark, and D. P. Cords. Emulsion breaking using alkylphenol-polyethylene oxide-acrylate polymer coated coalescer material. Patent US 5156767, 1992. [Pg.389]

D. F. Jacques, J. Bock, and P. L. Valint. Oil-in-water emulsion breaking with hydrophobically functionalized cationic polymers. Patent US 4741835, 1988. [Pg.408]

The determination and analysis of sensory properties plays an important role in the development of new consumer products. Particularly in the food industry sensory analysis has become an indispensable tool in research, development, marketing and quality control. The discipline of sensory analysis covers a wide spectrum of subjects physiology of sensory perception, psychology of human behaviour, flavour chemistry, physics of emulsion break-up and flavour release, testing methodology, consumer research, statistical data analysis. Not all of these aspects are of direct interest for the chemometrician. In this chapter we will cover a few topics in the analysis of sensory data. General introductory books are e.g. Refs. [1-3]. [Pg.421]

Appendix B presents the U.S. EPA data on a full-scale treatment of aluminum forming wastewater by emulsion breaking and ultrafiltration. After emulsion breaking, various oil-water separation... [Pg.216]

This section describes the treatment techniques currently used or available to remove or recover wastewater pollutants normally generated by aluminum forming facilities. In general, these pollutants are removed by oil removal (skimming, emulsion breaking, and flotation), chemical precipitation and sedimentation, or filtration.6- 3... [Pg.219]

API stands for the American Petroleum Institute and TEB stands for Thermal Emulsion Breaking. Figures 5.1 and 5.2 show two typical types of oil-water separators, gravimetric and parallel plate.7 A dissolved air flotation (DAF) clarifier is commonly used for polishing the effluent from an oil-water separator.8"1013... [Pg.220]

APPENDIX A Full Scale Treatment of Aluminum Forming Wastewater by Emulsion Breaking and Oil-Water Separation Removal Data Sampling Three 24-Hour or One 72-Hour Composite ... [Pg.225]

Full Scale Treatment of Aluminum Forming Wastewater by Emulsion Breaking and Ultrafiltration... [Pg.226]

Removal of Total Suspended Solids and Oil and Grease from Coil Coating Wastewater by Emulsion Breaking and Clarification Process... [Pg.282]

Centrifugation Integrated adsorption Resin adsorption Ozonation Chemical oxidation Aerobic decomposition Thermal emulsion breaking... [Pg.368]


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