Chlorinated solvents disposal

General guidelines for initial disposal (D, dilute with water neutralize, if necessary, with an appropriate inorganic acid or base and flush down drain C, chlorinated solvent disposal NC, non-chlorinated solvent disposal S, solid disposal in accredited landfill site or burned in a chemical incinerator R, refer to local safety officer)... 

SafeChem, a subsidiary of Dow, has developed a handling system for chlorinated solvents that allows them to be used in closed-loop degreasing systems. The Safe-Tainer system uses two dedicated double wall containers one to hold fresh solvent and the other used solvent. The containers are connected to the cleaning equipment with zero dead volume, leak-free connections that prevent spills, leaks or vapour emissions during use. Used solvent is collected for recycling and professional disposal of any residues. The system minimises solvent use and release to the environment. A study carried out by Dow during a trial in... 

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) contribute to the formation of tropospheric ozone (summer smog). Certain halogenated hydrocarbons (e.g. CFCs) also destroy the stratospheric ozone layer. Chlorinated solvents are hazardous to water and, if disposed of incorrectly (e.g. burning), may emit highly toxic substances (e.g. dioxins). 

Specific bans on chemicals or uses have not been the most important outcome of TSCA. Only one type of chemical, PCBs, was specifically targeted in the original law and they are now outlawed in most of their uses. EPA administration of the law in its early years led to a ban of chlorofluorocarbons as aerosol propellants, restrictions on dioxin waste disposal, rules on asbestos use, and testing rules on chlorinated solvents. It has led to a central bank of information on existing commercial chemicals, procedures for further testing of hazardous chemicals, and detailed permit requirements for submission of proposed new commercial chemicals. 

The disposal of chlorinated solvents in landfills and their leakage from storage tanks have caused extremely expensive groundwater-contamination problems that have not yet been solved. Substitutes for chlorinated solvents are now widely used, and care in their disposal is required. 

Waste oil Used oil which contains in excess of 1000 ppm chlorine, 5 ppm arsenic, 2 ppm disposal cadmium, 10 ppm chromium, 100 ppm lead, or having a flash point of less than 40°C is considered to be hazardous waste and cannot be burned for energy recovery or used in any way to produce fuel. Waste oil containing more than 1000 ppm chlorine is considered to be contaminated with chlorinated solvents or PCB and is designated as hazardous waste. 

Processes can be modified to deliver targeted remediation levels. Many different soil contaminants have been treated. These include PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated solvents, dioxins, furans, pesticides, hexachlorobenzenes, BTXs, volatiles, and semi volatiles. After treatment, the soils pass all toxicity characterization leachate procedure (TCLP) criteria for replacement or nonhazardous waste landfill disposal. Specific examples of soil and sludge treatment will now be given. Table 3 contains data from several PCB remediation projects. 

The fume cupboard is cleaned directly after sample preparation. Any samples, organic solvent waste, chlorinated solvent waste, and aqueous wastes that do not require decontamination are collected into separate, clearly marked waste containers. In the same way, paper and consumable wastes that do not require decontamination are collected in a clearly marked waste box. Materials requiring decontamination must be treated with a proper decontamination solution and disposed of in designated waste containers. Glassware and accessories are flushed with decontamination solution and soaked in potassium hydroxide solution and, if not destroyed, they are washed with alkaline nonphosphorus detergent before further cleaning. 

Groundwater is used for water supply in an urban area where chlorinated solvents are, or have been, stored, used or disposed of. 

From these experiments the following conclusions can be drawn With few modifications to usual protocols (such as those presented here), carrying out SPPS at elevated temperature (preferably 60 °C) will increase efficiency by reducing cycle times to significantly less than 30 minutes under automated and non-automated conditions. Toluene/DMSO mixtures are also compatible with SPPS at room temperature and should solve some aspects (cost and environmental) of disposal associated with chlorinated solvents but have not been shown to have advantages over DMF or NMP... 

In view of the purification and waste disposal problems with the chromium oxidations catalytic methods with ruthenium catalysts are more attractive. Ruthenium(Vlll) oxide is a strong oxidant that will also oxidize alkenes, alkynes, sulfides, and in some cases benzyl ethers. The method is compatible with glycosidic linkages, esters and acetals, and is usually carried out in a biphasic solvent system consisting of water and a chlorinated solvent. Acetonitrile or a phase-transfer catalyst has been shown to further promote the oxidation [29,30]. Normally, a periodate or a hypochlorite salt serve as the stoichiometric oxidant generating rutheni-um(VIII) oxide from either ruthenium(IV) oxide or ruthenium(III) chloride [30]. 

Disposal of flammable solvents in storm sewers or sanitary sewers is, in general, not allowed. Exceptions are small amounts of those materials that are miscible with water, but even disposal of these should be followed by large amounts of cold water. Other solvents should be collected in safety cans. Separate cans should be used for ether and for chlorinated solvents all other solvents may be combined in a third can. The cans should be stored, in keeping with storage quantity rules, in a safety cabinet until pickup by a waste-disposal firm. A more economical approach is to transfer the solvents to larger cans or drums in an outside storage facility so that pickup could be less frequent. Some large institutions have their own in-house disposal facilities. 

In addition to releases from the various components or activities that make up the production and distribution system for petroleum products (the oil system), many older waste sites show TPH-related site contamination. Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) site descriptions often mention petroleum, oil and grease, or petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL) as present at a former waste disposal site. An example is given below for a waste oil recycling site, where TPH-type chemicals were obviously a common site contaminant. The CERCLA clean-up actions, however, focus on a range of specific hazardous or toxic chemicals. Some of the specific chemicals (e.g., toluene) would show up in a TPH test, but the chlorinated solvents and metals do not. Since a site cannot be prioritized for CERCLA attention if the only problem involves TPH site... 

There are a few food monitoring studies in the literature that provide several examples of food contamination with 1,1,1-trichloroethane. The ubiquitous nature of 1,1,1-trichloroethane suggests that additional information in this area would allow a complete determination ofthe levels of human exposure to this chlorinated solvent. The release of 1,1,1-trichloroethane to the environment is well established since there are numerous studies that indicate the presence of this compound in environmental media. The quantity of 1,1,1-trichloroethane released to the environment during its production, formulation, and use is known. 1,1,1-Trichioroethane is listed on the Toxics Release Inventory. Methods for the disposal of 1,1,1-trichloroethane exist. Data on the removal of 1,1,1-trichloroethane from waste streams during biological treatment processes are lacking. Information on the amount of 1,1,1-trichloroethane disposed of annually is scarce. Rules and regulations... 

Rinse out all of the flasks and pipets. You may collect the CCI4 for recycling if you desire, otherwise dispose of it in a chlorinated solvents waste container. 

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