Single stage continuous

Maintenance and operation of single-stage continuous powdered activated carbon system, 10 gal/min wet-oxidation unit, solid disposal, groundwater pumping, neutralization, and effluent discharge. 

For production of radionuclides during the case of single-stage, continuous exposure without erosion, burial or uplift during nuclide production, Lai (1991) has shown that concentration of the radionuclide scales as ... 

Open-loop systems have inherently long residence times which may be detrimental if the retentate is susceptible to degradation by shear or microbiological contamination. A feed-bleed or closed-loop configuration is a one-stage continuous membrane system. At steady state, the upstream concentration is constant at Cj (Fig. 9). For concentration, a single-stage continuous system is the least efficient (maximum membrane area). 

For a typical single-stage continuous fermentor at steady state, a biomass material balance around the reactor yields the following relationship,... 

Because most single-stage continuous fer-mentors are used to produce biomass, they are usually operated to optimize biomass productivity. The unit volume biomass productivity of such a reactor is defined as DX. This unit volume productivity can be expressed as... 

Pure culture studies are not sufficient to confirm the efficacy of a potential prebiotic. Batch cultures [35], single-stage continuous cultures [36], or a three-stage continuous culture [37], the latter representing the human colon, further validate the claim. However, the ultimate confirmation comes from the results obtained from human clinical trials. Various trials have been performed where inulin or FOS has been incorporated into the diet and the main outcomes from these studies are described in the following text... 

The first generation process developed for the production of L-carnitine was a single-stage continuous process with cell-recycling that utilized the maintenance phase production that is characteristic of this strain. This process had a very high volumetric productivity of 130 g/L/d in the steady state [3], Owing to the kinetics of this process the product solution contained 92% L-carnitine and 8% unconverted butyrobetaine. L-Carnitine and butyrobetaine have very similar physio-chemical properties, which makes their separation from the product solution diffi-... 

Figure 1 is an example of chemostat equipment that we call a single-stage continuous culture. Typical homogeneous continuous culture systems are shown in Fig. 2. 

Papanikolaou, S., and Aggelis, G., Lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica growing on industrial glycerol in a single-stage continuous culture. Bioresource Technol. 2002, 82, 43 9. 

Uhde Inventa-FIscher Polyamide 6 Caprolactam Two-stage or single-stage continuous polymerization process to produce PA-6 chips for textiles, film, engineering plastics 79 2009... 

The writer, using a single-stage continuous column (Fig. 160), attained a concentration of 5.25% 0. The experiments performed with this unit at 300 mm pressure indicated that the most probable value of a at this pressure (76°C) is 1.0068... 

A classic example of the product distribution in a consecutive reaction system is the study of benzene chlorination by MacMullin [1]. He measured the concentration of mono-, di-, and trichlorobenzene produced in a batch chlorination and determined the relative rate constants. He also showed that batch chlorination gave a higher yield of monochlorobenzene than a single-stage continuous-flow reactor. 

BSA was also used as a model protein by Brown et al. [75] for protein recovery by foam flotation. They investigated the influence of feed concentration, superficial gas velocity, feed flow rate, bubble size, pH and ionic strength on the enrichment and recovery of BSA in a single-stage continuous flotation column. 

Erdirik-Dogan, M. and Grossmann, I. A decomposition method for the simultaneous planning and scheduhng of single-stage continuous multiproduct plants. Industrial Engineering Chemistry Research, 45(1) 299-315, 2006. 

Jacobsen et al. [90] compared the properties of PLA samples produced in a glass ampoule and the single-stage continuous reactive extrusion (Table 11.2). The resulting conversions, 98.5% and 99%, show that in both cases the polymerization reaction has... 

Dll. We are doing a single-stage, continuous steam distillation of 1-octanol. The unit operates at 760 mm Hg. The steam distillation is operated with liquid water present. The distillate vapor is condensed and two immiscible liquid layers form. The entering organic stream is 90.0 mol% octanol and the rest is nonvolatile conpounds. Flow rate of feed is 1.0 kmol/h. We desire to recover 95% of the octanol. 

Figure 1121 Stage efficiency for single-stage, continuous, cocurrcnt adsorption in well-stirred vessels, with spherical particles. [/Itfcgoted from Grober, Ver. Dtsch. Ing., 69, 705 (1925).]... 

A typical single-stage continuous fermentor is depicted in Fig. 24.7. 

Fig. 24.9. Single-stage continuous fermentor with recycle.

A typical single stage continuous biological reactor is depicted in Figure 8. 

Figure 9, Relationships for a single-stage continuous bioreactor...

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