Solid waste disposal/recycling

Resource Recovery Act, 1970 The Solid Waste Disposal Act of 1965 was amended by Public Law 95-512, the Resources Recovery Ac4 of 1970. This act directed that the emphasis of the national solid-waste-management program should be shitted from disposal as its pri-maiy objective to that of recycling and reuse of recoverable materials in sohd wastes or the conversion of wastes to energy. 

For PM applications, wet scrubbers generate waste in the form of a slurry or wet sludge. This creates the need for both wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal. Initially, the slurry is treated to separate the solid waste from the water. The treated water can then be reused or discharged. Once the water is removed, the remaining waste will be in the form of a solid or sludge. If the solid waste is inert and nontoxic, it can generally be landfilled. Hazardous wastes will have more stringent procedures for disposal. In some cases, the solid waste may have value and can be sold or recycled. 

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. Disposal of used mineral oil hydraulic fluids is regulated as used oil under the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and as amended by the Used Oil Recycling Act (42 U.S.C. 6901, 6905, 6935, 6937-6939, and 6074, see 40 CFR parts 260, 261, 266, 271, and 279). Used mineral oil hydraulic fluids to be recycled are not listed as hazardous wastes and can be burned for energy recovery or recycled. In general, the newer mineral oil hydraulic fluids (including water-in-oil emulsion fluids) do not contain known chemicals or other materials that are listed in 40 CFR 261 (RCRA) and can be burned for energy recovery or recycled. However, this may not apply to some of the older hydraulic fluids, particularly those containing PCBs. 

An Overview of Solid Wastes Municipal Solid Wastes Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Landhlls Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Incineration Reducing Municipal Solid Wastes Recycling Vance Packard (1914-1996)... 

Modern science and industry have provided a growing supply of material products. When they reach the end of their useful life, they become solid waste, and disposing of it has become a growing problem. Worst of all is over-packaging to stimulate sales, so discarded packaging is the major contributor to this solid waste. Plastics are not the major component of solid waste but because of their low density, bright colors, and relative weather-resistance, they are the most obvious component. It would be desirable to remove them from solid waste by recycling. 

A major application of these types of molded products would be for interior uses in automobiles, such as head liners, door panels, and dashboards. Although this is a low-cost, low-performance application, it represents a very laige-volume market. Indeed, wood is already utilized in applications of this type, but as a finely ground flour that serves as a filler (up to 40%) in extrusion-molded polyolefin products. The use of recycled fiber in this process and the one described above offers the potential of even greater cost reductions, combined with alleviation of solid waste disposable problems. 

The refinery generated more than 10,500 tons of solid waste and spent caustic in 1990. More than 80% of the solid waste was recycled or treated either on- or off-site and does not enter the environment. Remaining materials are disposed of in approved landfill sites. Most solid wastes result from activities associated with the refinery s process water collection and treatment system. Nearly 1000 tons/year of soils enter the drainage system where they become oil-coated sludge. 

The first step of hazardous waste identification is determining whether a material is a solid waste. A solid waste is any material that is discarded. (The modifier solid is not indicative of the physical state of the material. That is, a solid waste may be in the liquid or gaseous phases as well as the solid phase.) A material is considered discarded when it is abandoned, recycled, or inherently waste-like. Abandonment occurs when a material is disposed of burned/ incinerated or accumulated, stored, or treated before, or in lieu of, abandonment. Recycling occurs when a material is used in a manner that resembles disposal (e.g., placed on the ground) burned to recover its energy reclaimed to recover a usable product or accumulated speculatively. In addition, a few specific materials have been designated inherently waste-like (e.g., certain dioxin-containing wastes) and are considered solid wastes when recycled in... 

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND RECYCLING AN OVERVIEW OF UNIT OPERATIONS AND EOUIPMENT IN SOLID WASTE SEPARATION... 

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