Waste facilities

Permit application assistance for hazardous waste facilities on diskettes. 

EPA. 1993a. Standards for the management of hazardous waste and specific types of hazardous waste facilities. Health-based limits for exclusion of waste-derived residues. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Code of Eederal Regulations. 40 CER 266, Subpart H. Appendix VII. 

Ozonoff D, Cohen ME, Cupples A, et al. 1987. Health problems reported by residents of a neighborhood contaminated by a hazardous waste facility. Am J Ind Med 11 581-597. 

Similar demands for reference materials also arise in connection with the monitoring of radioactivity in and around nuclear installations (nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel and reprocessing plants, and nuclear waste facilities). These, in fact, are now the main applications of radionuclide reference materials. 

Characteristic wastes that are decharacterized subsequent to the point of generation (i.e., they become nonhazardous) are handled differently. Once a waste is decharacterized and has met its full LDR treatment standards, it can go to an RCRA nonhazardous waste facility. These LDR notifications and certifications are sent to the U.S. EPA Region or authorized state rather than to the receiving facility. This is intended to protect facilities from the burden of hazardous waste paperwork. 

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) legislation, 20 60 Waste exchanges, 21 407 Waste facilities, design of, 21 842 Waste fuel... 

The GSI (Geological Survey of Ireland) and the ERA (Environmental Protection Agency (of Ireland)) embarked upon creating this inventory in 2006 for those waste facilities associated with closed or abandoned metal, industrial mineral and coal mines. The project was completed in early 2009 and is known as the Historic Mine Site - Inventory and Risk Categorization project or HMS for short. 

The HMS Project created an inventory of closed mine waste facilities on a risk basis. However, it is emphasized that this is NOT a risk assessment of the sites. Rather the sites have been ranked on a risk basis so as to determine a relative ranking. 

The individual waste facilities are characterised so that a Hazard number is developed. This is then modified by the Likelihood of release and Receptor factors for each Pathway. Once the final score for the mine site is obtained it is assigned to one of the following groups (Table 1)... 

Select a licenced transporter and a hazardous waste facility that will receive the plant s waste ... 

Hexachlorobutadiene has been detected in human adipose tissue and blood samples. These data indicate that exposure to hexachlorobutadiene does occur in humans, however route-specific estimates of hexachlorobutadiene exposure were not located. Based on monitoring data, individuals who work in hexachlorobutadiene-producing facilities, live at or near hazardous waste facilities, or consume large amounts of hexachlorobutadiene-contaminated fish may have above-average exposures to hexachlorobutadiene. 

TABLE 1 Operating Cost" Estimate for a 110-Ton/Day Mercury Removal/Recovery Process Mixed-Waste Facility... 

In applications using MCA for mercnry gas treatment, the vendor estimated in 1996 that operating costs would be 0,015 per ton of waste treated, prodnct costs would be 0.13 per ton, and operations and maintenance costs wonld be 0,085 per ton, for a cost per ton of waste of 0.23. The vendor claims MCA is significantly cheaper than a competing technology, activated carbon removal. This estimate is based on a mass-bnm mnnicipal waste facility generating 860,000 tons of waste per year with a mercnry concentration of 300 Xg/m (D13628H, p. 

UOP molecular sieves (UOP) has developed the lonsiv family of ion exchange resins for the extraction of radionuclides from wastewater. lonsiv TIE-96 is composed of a titanium-coated zeolite (Ti-zeolite) and is used to separate plutonium, strontium, and cesium from alkaline supernatant and sludge wash solutions. The technology was developed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for use at the West Valley, New York, nuclear waste facility. The technology is commercially available. 

Anaerobic digestion to methane, on-site combustion, mixing with coal to form solid fuel Direct combustion, can utilize carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas, can grow in municipal waste facilities... 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) requires the EPA to "clean up" chemical disposal sites. The cleanup funds are raised through a combination of tort suits against companies that have had some connection with either the disposal site or the chemicals (joint-and-several strict liability) and taxes on petroleum production, hazardous-waste facilities, and chemical products. When judgments go against landowners, trucking firms, container corporations, or other firms less directly connected with the site, the defendants ask their insurance companies to pay these judgments. Courts, then, must decide whether liability insurance contracts cover such claims. 

In CERCLA, Congress taxed the production of 42 chemicals ranging from 29 cents per ton on hydrochloric acid to 4.87 per ton on benzene. Petroleum production was taxed at 79 cents per barrel, and hazardous waste facilities were taxed 2.13 per disposed ton. SARA extended the taxes but lowered the petroleum tax to 11.7 cents per barrel on imported oil and 8.2 cents per barrel on domestic oil, imposed a 0.12 percent tax on corporate income, and added a 0.1 cent tax per gallon on gasoline to pay for leaky storage tanks. 

Dimethylformamide has been measured in ambient air near a fibre plant and near waste facilities. It has rarely been found in water samples in the United States, other than at sewage treatment plants or in effluents of plants likely to have been using dimethylformamide. Levels measured were very low (WHO, 1991). It has been detected at low levels in drinking-water, surface water, wastewater and ambient air samples (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). 

Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)/RCRA regulations in effect at the end of 1986 bromine is regulated as a hazardous waste or material. Therefore, it must be disposed of in an approved hazardous waste facility in compliance with EPA and/or other applicable local, state, and federal regulations and should be handled in a manner acceptable to good waste management practice. The... 

Maryland Hazardous Waste Facilities Siting Board... 

New Jersey Hazardous Waste Facilities Siting Commission 28 West State Street, Room 614 Trenton, NJ 08608 (609) 292-1459... 

Waste facilities should be designed to prevent explosions in sewer systems and typically are comprised of suitable traps, vents, dean-outs, collecting chambers, etc. Flammable gas detectors are installed in sewers to warn of hazardous concentrations, and inert gas blanketing of closed process sumps generally is advisable. 

The primary methodology utilized in OTA s cost analysis was to translate all program costs, both nonrecurring one-time costs and recurring costs, to annualized values. Capital investment costs were annualized over a 10-year period at an interest rate of 10%. This method was utilized for all initial expenditures (requalification, waste facilities, etc) with the exception of tooling costs estimated for detonators and blasting caps, which were written off in a 5-year period at 10% interest. All costs are given in 1979 dollars... 

Low-Hazard Waste - Risk from disposal in dedicated near-surface hazardous waste facility would not exceed acceptable (barely tolerable) levels... 

---