Soft drinks, composition

Chemically, GA is a complex mixture of macromolecules of different size and composition (mainly carbohydrates and proteins). Today, the properties and features of GA have been widely explored and developed and it is being used in a wide range of industrial sectors such as textiles, ceramics, lithography, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, encapsulation, food, etc. Regarding food industry, it is used as a stabilizer, a thickener and/or an emulsifier agent (e.g., soft drink syrup, gummy candies and creams) (Verbeken et al., 2003). 

The complexity of the mixtures made it impossible to define the chemical composition so the commercial preparations were divided into four groups (Table 8.2) on the basis of a series of sophisticated chemical assay procedures. Caramel colorants must be compatible with the food products in which they are used, which usually means the absence of flocculation and precipitation in the food. These undesirable effects result from charged macromolecular components of caramel which react with the food. Hence the net ionic charge of the caramel macromolecules at the pH of the intended food product is the prime determinant of compatibility. Caramel colorants are used in a variety of foods (Table 8.2) but over 80% of the caramel produced in the US is used to color soft drinks particularly colas and root beers. 

Lithium chloride is used in the production of lithium metal by electrolysis. It also is used in metallurgy as a eutectic melting composition with potassium chloride (LiCl 41 mol% KCl 59 mol%). Other applications are in low temperature dry-cell batteries as a dehumidifier in air conditioning in welding and soldering flux as a desiccant in fireworks and in mineral waters and soft drinks. 

Deibler, K.D. and Acree, T.E. 2000b. The effect of soft drink base composition on flavor release. In 9th Weurman Flavour Research Symposium. Elsevier Science, Friesing, Germany. 

One of the most critical parameters in the measurement of titratable acidity is the sample. The composition of sample will affect the first steps in the procedure for determining TA. For example, if the sample to be analyzed is carbonated, e.g., soft drink, beer, champagne, it... 

JECFA reviewed stevioside in 1998 but could not quantify an ADI because of inadequate data on its safety and composition (WHO, 1998). Approval in the major soft drinks markets of the United States and the European Union looks unlikely until more data that would reassure regulators that it is a safe substance are made available. 

Inulin has no sweetness and possesses a bland taste. Physiologically, inulin behaves as a dietary fibre. At relatively high dose levels (15-40 g/day) it can have a prebiotic effect (i.e. it can selectively promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the colon) and at high dose levels it may also have a laxative effect (Kolida el al., 2002). This is dependent on the specific composition of the product and the degree of polymerisation, which can vary. The caloric value for inulin is 1 kcal/g. Its use in soft drinks is as a fibre source, prebiotic and partial sugar replacer. 

An outline of the principal fruit component compositional requirements of the UK 1964 Soft Drinks Regulations compared with those of today is shown in Table 6.1. 

Despite the removal of compositional legislation, the descriptions of dilutable soft drinks in the United Kingdom are still widely used today. Consumers and enforcement authorities alike still have an expectation that a product described as a squash will be a cloudy product containing a significant proportion of fruit juice. Similar expectations still apply to the other products mentioned above. 

Composition of soft drinks and fruit juices in relation to spoilage... 

Consumers are increasingly more curious about the composition of the soft drinks they buy, and are also more concerned about health and dietary... 

A famous case of poisoning occurred in the orange-growing region of Florida (1988, soft drink tampering). The analysis of 5.000 g suspected toxin revealed the chemical composition of 4.049 g thallium, 0.318 g sulfur, and 0.639 g oxygen. Provide the chemical formula and name. 

In another type of mixture, the boundaries between the substances cannot be seen. This is called a homogeneous mixture. Its composition is uniform throughout. Homogeneous mixtures are also called solutions. Solutions are crucial to life and to many processes. We often encounter them in daily life. The air we breathe, our soft drinks, the amalgam used in dental fillings, the alloys used in the production of cars, the fog that causes traffic jams, coins, seas, lakes, and even our own body fluids are solutions. 

If you check any food composition table, you would see that potassium and sodium are found together in every food category. Both in foods and in the human body, they are often accompanied by chloride, which is the chemically active form of the element chlorine. All the natural foods I can think of have a lot more potassium than sodium, but they all have both—and chloride. Processed foods (potato chips, breakfast cereals, roasted nuts, soft drinks, etc.) are the only foods that have more sodium than potassium, and I believe you can guess why. The manufacturers often add salt to their products. Why Table salt (sodium chloride) acts as a preservative and a flavor enhancer. Products have a longer shelf life, and, besides, the salty taste is popular and helps sell many commercial food products. Salt is, however, somewhat addictive, and excessive intakes of it complicate body chemistry and increase the risk of high blood pressure in some individuals. 

A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in which the substances retain their distinct identities. Some familiar examples are air, soft drinks, milk, and cement. Mixtures do not have constant composition. Therefore, samples of air collected in different cities would probably differ in composition because of differences in altitude, pollution, and so on. 

Applications Notwithstanding the limitations, there are a limited number of specific applications in which flow-cell LC-FTIR can be quite useful to obtain specific quantitative and structural information in a convenient manner. The application area of flow-cell FTIR is limited to samples with relatively high analyte concentrations, as is the case in, for instance, the analysis of carbohydrates, alcohols, and organic acids in wines and sugars in soft drinks. SEC, as used for the separation of synthetic polymers, is also well suited to be coupled with FTIR by flow cells. Polymer samples are often available in large quantities and low detection limits are usually not required. In addition, the separation process in SEC is essentially independent of the choice of eluent, provided the sample is fully soluble and no analytestationary phase interactions take place. Consequently, IR-favorable eluents can be selected. Therefore, SEC-flow-cell-FTTR is a valuable tool for the rapid, selective, and quantitative analysis of the chemical composition of polymers as a function of their hydrodynamic volume. 

High-purity phosphoric acid finds application in medicines, jellies, soft drinks and other food compositions (Section 12.4). 

Because there are differences in the way PET beverage bottles arc produced, it was necessary to determine the composition of soda bottles collected The primary differences among bottles is the label materials used, cap material used, and whether a HDPE base cup is used. The average composition of PET soft drink bottle constituents arc shown in Table... 

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