Collection bottle

Several points need to be considered when applying this pressure method of sample collection. All of the extraction system parts must be explosion proof and the distance from the ceramic cup to the sample bottle must be as short as possible. The sample collection bottle should be at the same level as the ceramic cup. If it is higher, additional vacuum will need to be applied to move the sample water into the sample bottle. Sample storage, once the water is collected, is determined by the analyte of interest. 

Bolus priority, in which the eluate is directed initially to the waste collection bottle until the onset of the bolus (adjustable onset level, mCi/sec) diverts the eluate stream to the patient line until the preset dose is accumulated. 

Besides choosing a sample judiciously, we must be careful about storing the sample. The composition may change with time after collection because of chemical changes, reaction with air, or interaction of the sample with its container. Glass is a notorious ion exchanger that alters the concentrations of trace ions in solution. Therefore, plastic (especially Teflon) collection bottles are frequently employed. Even these materials can absorb trace levels of analytes. For example, a 0.2 p.M HgCl2 solution lost 40-95% of its concentration in 4 h in polyethylene bottles. A 2 jlM Ag+ solution in a Teflon bottle lost 2% of its concentration in a day and 28% in a month.3... 

Dosing and application were done on the morning of the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th days after the pans had been cleaned and the urine collection bottles changed. Dosing and changing of collection bottles was done every 24 hr 30 min. Before the initial treatment the rats were individually weighed on a small scale. 

The use of insecticide-sprayed trap trees is very labour intensive. For this reason we developed traps for the bark beetles. During the summer of 1978 we tested and evaluated more than 15 different cylindrical traps. The best trap is a black, rigid, drainpipe of polyethylene (12,5 x 135 cm). The pipe has 900 holes (diam. 3,5 mm) a lid covers its top while its bottom has a funnel and a collection bottle. 

Sample collection bottles. These have to be prepared carefully so that (1) all the required varieties are included, (2) all bottles are clean (even new ones have to be cleaned), and (3) the bottles are all well packed in boxes—these will be needed for the filled sample bottles. 

Monitoring of the 232Cf band movement with the neutron probe (Fig. 3) provides advance information on when to expect einsteinium in the eluate and can be used as a backup indicator for changing effluent collection bottles during the einsteinium-californium elution if the alpha detector fails. Also/ the neutron probe can be used to detect problems such as insufficient resin in the columns or incomplete elution from the loading column. 

After collection, the collection bottle is stoppered or a glass plate is slid under the mouth of the bottle. This must be done while the mouth is still under water, facing downward. 

Carbon dioxide is a heavy gas, so you do not need to collect it by water displacement. Instead it can be collected by an upward displacement of air, as shown in Figure 13.3. In this case the tubing from the reaction bottle leads to the bottom of the collection bottle. As the carbon dioxide gas is collected, the air already in the collection bottle is displaced upward. 

If a small flame, such as a lit match, is held just inside the mouth of the collection bottle and the flame is extinguished, this means that the carbon dioxide has filled the bottle. 

A gas sample is taken by refilling the gas collection bottle with water and leading the gas that is displaced by the water through the gas sample tube. 

Some hydrogen gas is collected over water at 20°C. The levels of water inside and outside the gas-collection bottle are the same. The partial pressure of hydrogen is 742.5 torr. What is the barometric pressure at the time the gas is collected ... 

Determine the partial pressure of oxygen collected by water displacement if the water temperature is 20.0°C and the total pressure of the gases in the collection bottle is 730 torr. PhjO at 20.0°C is equal to 17.5 torr. 

The depth at which the water collection bottles are placed provides the hydrostatic driving force to fill the bottles with seawater through the connecting polyethylene tubing. The bottle is designed to fill with seawater from the bottom to the top to carefully exclude air. Thus, the collected seawater can be analyzed for oxygen, pH, salinity, and trace metals. The apparatus is constructed of polyethylene or polypropylene materials to reduce potential trace metal contamination to the sample. The only items not made from plastics are the weights. 

Some of the alcohol will have distilled off. It vrill go into the collecting bottle while the waste chlorine gas goes outside. Several times during the process, this alcohol is pouted back into the flask. 

When the action starts the alcohol will fairly flow into the collecting bottle. When it stops all that is left in the flask will be water. If left alone, water would start dripping, much slower than the alcohol, but this is not wanted. 

Now pour two 28 ounce bottles of household ammonia into the can and put the cork in tightly. Turn on the hotplate just past MEDIUM and wait until you smell fumes coming from the end of the tube hanging down into the collecting bottle on a stool by the sink and directly under the bucket. Before filling the bucket with water put a rock or other weight inside the can lest the air in the condensing coil tilt it once the can and bucket are filled with water. 

When the action has started make sure the condensing tube end is in the collecting bottle along with an end of the tubing leading outside. Press modelling clay around the two tubes so no fumes escape into the kitchen. Now you are ready to distil the ammonia. 

The fraction collector is a robot arm, which distributes the outlet flow into different bottles. This system is very versatile, because the number of possible fractions is large and can be increased by adding more collecting bottles. Its disadvantage is its open nature. The outlet flow is in direct contact with the atmosphere and, therefore, problems with solvent evaporation can occur. In addition, the open handling of fractions is not compatible with GMP requirements. 

Watch the flow of gas into the collection bottle. If you increase the heat and no more gas comes out, the reaction is probably done. 

The glass cover can be a used patio door or any other piece of glass (about door size). The box is easy to construct, and can be made of wood or metal. The water trough inside the distiller can also be made of wood, metal, or heat resistant plastic. Tubing should be silicone, and reservoirs and collection bottles etc. can be plastic or glass. The inside of the box... 

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