Sodium glycollate

Sodium glycolate (2H2O) [2836-32-0] M 98.0, Ppted from aqueous solution by EtOH, and air dried. 

In a protic solvent—glycols are often used, with the base being the corresponding sodium glycolate—the reaction proceeds via formation of a carbenium ion 5. The diazo compound 3 can be converted into the diazonium ion 4 through transfer of a proton from the solvent (S-H). Subsequent loss of nitrogen then leads to the carbenium ion 5 ... 

Both the mono-(4) and di-(B) phosphine oxides are formed in reactions of sodium glycolates with dimethyl(chloromethyl)phosphine... 

To prepare croscarmellose sodium, crude cellulose is steeped in sodium hydroxide solution [1] and treated with sodium monochloroacetate to form carboxymethylcellu-lose sodium. After completion of the reaction, the excess sodium monochloroacetate slowly hydrolyzes to glycolic acid. The glycolic acid converts a few of the sodium earboxymethyl groups to the free acid and catalyzes the cross-linkage to form croscarmellose sodium. The by-products sodium chloride and sodium glycolate can be removed by extraction with alcohol to achieve 99.5% purity. Croscarmellose sodium may be milled to break the polymer fibers into shorter lengths and hence improve flow properties. 

In making the sodium chloroacetate, the use of sodium hydroxide with proper cooling is much more rapid than the use of sodium carbonate. In the case of sodium hydroxide it is essential to keep the solution cool in order to prevent the formation of sodium glycollate. If it is preferred to employ sodium carbonate, about 300 g. of the anhydrous material will be required to make the solution slightly alkaline. 

Sodium glycols Sodium nitrate Sodium nitrite Sodium sulphate Stearic acid Steaiyl alcohol Substituted aliphatics Substituted amides Sulphur... 

NaC2H303 nH20 (c). de Forcrand3 measured the heats of solution of the anhydrous salt, the hemihydrate, and the dihydrate of sodium glycollate. 

NaC2HsC>2 (c). de Forcrand63 measured the heat of solution of sodium glycol. 

The so-called acyloin condensation consists of the reduction of esters—and the reduction of diesters in particular—with sodium in xylene. The reaction mechanism of this condensation is shown in rows 2-4 of Figure 14.51. Only the first of these intermediates, radical anion C, occurs as an intermediate in the Bouveault-Blanc reduction as well. In xylene, of course, the radical anion C cannot be protonated. As a consequence, it persists until the second ester also has taken up an electron while forming the bis(radical anion) F. The two radical centers of F combine in the next step to give the sodium glycolate G. Compound G, the dianion of a bis(hemiacetal), is converted into the 1,2-diketone J by elimination of two equivalents of sodium alkoxide. This diketone is converted by two successive electron transfer reactions into the enediolate I, which is stable in xylene until it is converted into the enediol H during acidic aqueous workup. This enediol tautomerizes subsequently to furnish the a-hydroxyketone—or... 

Glycollie Acid.—If a solution of 30 g. sodium glycollate in 38 cc. water is electrolyzed with a current strength of 1 amp., there are formed chiefly carbonic acid and formaldehyde,. besides a little carbon monoxide, formic acid, and oxygen (Miller and Hofer1). Walker2 obtained aldehyde in the electrolysis of the sodium salt of ethyl glycollic ether. 

In the system Si02-Na0H-EG, water may be present in trace amounts as an impurity or as a product of a reaction between NaOH and EG to form sodium glycolate. In an investigation into the possibility that water acts as a catalyst, EG-SS was synthesised from a system where sodium metal was dissolved in redistilled EG before being mixed with Si02 previously dried at 500°C. No differences were observed in the rate of formation of the EG-SS or in the purity of the product. However, the experimental difficulties of ensuring complete ramoval of water from the system ara such that, as yet, a catalytic role for water cannot be entirely eliminated. 

Sodium Glycolate Sample Solution Transfer about 500 mg of sample, accurately weighed, into a 100-mL beaker, moisten thoroughly with 5 mL of glacial acetic acid, followed by 5 mL of water, and stir with a glass rod until solution is complete (usually about 15 min). While stirring, slowly add 50 mL of acetone, then add 1 g of sodium chloride, and stir for several minutes to ensure complete precipitation of the Cellulose Gum. Filter through a soft, open-textured paper, previously wetted with a small amount of acetone, and collect the filtrate in a 100-mL volumetric flask. Use an additional 30 mL of acetone to facilitate transfer of the solids and to wash the filter cake, then dilute to volume with acetone, and mix. 

Calculation From the standard curve and the absorbance of the Sample Solution, determine the weight (w), in milligrams, of glycolic acid in the sample, and calculate the percent sodium glycolate in the sample by the formula... 

Assay Calculate the percentage of Cellulose Gum by subtracting from 100 the percentages of Sodium Chloride and Sodium Glycolate determined as follows ... 

Ligands 179 and 180 were synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of the sodium glycolate of TV-methyldiethanol amine on either 2,6-dichloropyridine or 2,6-6 (chloromethyl)pyridine. However, 183 and 184 were synthesized by the qua-temization of 181 or 182 with l,2-6is(P-ethoxy)ethane in acetonitrile. In both instances the resulting diquatemary ammonium salts were demethylated by L-Selec-tride in refluxing tetrahydrofuran to afford the desired pyridino coronand. Com-piexation studies have not been performed on any of these coronands and the physical properties of these compounds do not indicate any unusual characteristics m). 

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