Sodium glycolate water complexes

Replacement of silver nitrite by inexpensive sodium or potassium nitrite enhances the utility of this process. Treatment of alkenes with sodium nitrite and iodine in ethyl acetate and water in the presence of ethylene glycol gives conjugated nitroalkenes in 49-82% yield.63 The method for generation of nitryl iodide is improved by the treatment of iodine with potassium nitrite complexed with 18-crown-6 in THF under sonication, as shown in Eq. 2.32s4... 

B Combinations that were not investigated are indicated by dashes b Water-propylene glycol solutions c Aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfonate solutions d Complexing only after heating... 

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCCgFj), purity 97%) was obtained from Lancaster, dimethoxydimethylsilane (DMDMS) from PCR, 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (L H, purity 97%) from ABCR, the methoxydimethylsilane (MDMS) from Fluorochem and 1,7-octadiene (purity 98%) from Aldrich. AU of them were used without any further purification. All solvents were pnrchased from Aldrich and anhydrons tolnene was stored over sodium. During the varions experiments we used two batches of catalyst. Since the first one contained a fair amonnt of water, a small content of Brij 98 (from Aldrich), a non-ionic surfactant, was added, so that the ethylene glycol functions competed with water to complex B(C Fj)3 and to increase its activity. 

Better yields were often also obtained by use of the complex copper salt (17), prepared in situ from KCN and CUSO4 in the presence of NH3 (equation 20). In a thorough investigation Japanese workers recently treated a series of aromatic amines with sodium nitrite in a mixture of polyethylene glycol and CH2CI2 with HCl in a little water at 0 °C. After addition of the crystalline complex salt (17) the corresponding arenenitriles were obtained in high yield. 

The ointment is an enzymatic debriding-healing ointment that contains standardized papain USP (not less than 521,700 USP units per gram of ointment), urea USP 10%, and chlorophyllin copper complex sodium 0.5% in a hydrophilic base composed of purified water USP, propylene glycol USP, white petrolatum USP, stearyl alcohol NF, polyoxyl 40 stearate NF, sorbitan monostearate NF, boric acid NF, chlorobutanol (anhydrous) NF (as a pre-... 

Cuprous chloride tends to form water-soluble complexes with lower olefins and acts as an IPTC catalyst, e.g., in the two-phase hydrolysis of alkyl chlorides to alcohols with sodium carboxylate solution [10,151] and in the Prins reactions between 1-alkenes and aqueous formaldehyde in the presence of HCl to form 1,3-glycols [10]. Similarly, water-soluble rhodium-based catalysts (4-diphenylphosphinobenzoic acid and tri-Cs-io-alkylmethylam-monium chlorides) were used as IPTC catalysts for the hydroformylation of hexene, dodecene, and hexadecene to produce aldehydes for the fine chemicals market [152]. Palladium diphenyl(potassium sulfonatobenzyl)phosphine and its oxide complexes catalyzed the IPTC dehalogenation reactions of allyl and benzyl halides [153]. Allylic substrates such as cinnamyl ethyl carbonate and nucleophiles such as ethyl acetoactate and acetyl acetone catalyzed by a water-soluble bis(dibenzylideneacetone)palladium or palladium complex of sulfonated triphenylphosphine gave regio- and stereo-specific alkylation products in quantitative yields [154]. Ito et al. used a self-assembled nanocage as an IPTC catalyst for the Wacker oxidation of styrene catalyzed by (en)Pd(N03) [155]. 

Clear antiperspirants have become popular because they leave no visible residue.They are not always formulated through a microemulsion route. Clear sticks can be based on dibenzylidene sorbitol acetal (DBSA) gelling agent and zirconium or glycine-complexed aluminum chlorhydrate antiperspirant actives that are soluble in propylene glycol without water. An alternative route is to closely match the refractive indices of the oil and water phases so a clear product (not a microemulsion) results for an antiperspirant gel [20,23]. Clear deodorant sticks with the active ingredient triclosan can be solidified with sodium stearate, which is incompatible with antiperspirant active ingredients (aluminium chlorhydrates). 

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