Small and medium sized enterprises SMEs

While the proactive efforts of some of industry demonstrate that substitution is indeed feasible, voluntary action will not solve the global problem of chemical contamination. Such action needs to be universal and across all industry sectors and size of firms. Industry needs clear criteria in which to operate and innovate. In particular, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) need clear criteria to chart their way forward in a competitive economy. 

The leeway and motivations for substituting hazardous substances may indeed differ between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large-scale enterprises. However, neither of the two types of enterprises appears to be more iimo-vative than the other per se. For example, the qualification of employees, the capital intensity of production, the availability of capital for research and development, the type of production and the competition strategy (mass or quality), the position on the supply chain as well as the corporate culture are at least just as decisive. 

The Austrian industrial landscape 2003 is characterised by small and medium sized enterprises (SME). A special survey of the Leistungs- und Strukturstatistik (performance and structural statistics) 2003 showed that 91.3% of the enterprises employed less than 250 people. 

Since 1994, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) has been operating the Cleaner Production programme. The goal of this programme is to assist small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries and countries with economies in transition to improve their productivity while preventing unfavourable impacts on the environment. 

With hardware and software costs rapidly decreasing, that ratio became even worse. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are not able to pay consultants millions of dollars for implementation. Hence, architectures, methods, and tools have become increasingly popular because they can help reduce the cost of software implementation and at the same time increase user acceptance of standard software solutions. 

SLP (successive linem programming), 2562 Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), 286... 

Islam, M.A., Tedford, J.D. Haenunerle, E. 2008, Managing operational risks in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) engaged in manufacturing - An integrated approach . International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 420-441. 

In respect of the operational and organisational structure of an enterprise, the proposed RA approach mainly addresses the IT responsible person at a small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) who is also engaged in IT safety and security tasks. However, SME are often overtaxed with the evaluation of their IT risks as well as in the determination of the degree of compliance with IT security standards. Developments in a tailored and resource-saving methodology are specifically needed at SME in order to support their risk management and decision-making. 

This chapter presents a modest overview of the considerable literature covering supply chain management (SCM), information and communication technologies (ICTs), e-commerce, and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The reviewed papers include the perspectives of all sized firms. Since large firms have led in SCM, and continue to do so, much can be learned from their experiences and their influence over other chain members. The literature on SCM is vast, so only a few representative papers are reviewed. There is much less literature dealing with SMEs hence... 

E-Com Supply Chain and SMEs by Ron Craig, takes the perspective of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in supply chains. It reviews the important role of SMEs in national and world economies. The chapter provides an extensive overview of literature on supply chain management (SCM), information and communication technologies (ICTs), and e-business. Both opportunities and challenges for supply chains in general and SMEs in particular are considered. The future direction for researchers and practitioners are pointed out. 

Descriptive analysis is known to produce detailed, robust and repeatable results, as documented by numerous scientific publications (for a review on the topic, see Dijksterhuis and Byrne, 2005 Murray et al, 2001). However, it also has certain drawbacks. First, it is a very slow method, particularly because of the extended training phase. Second, it is a very expensive method. Maintaining a sensory panel is generally not affordable for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the food industry. 

The responsibility to provide this hazard information falls largely on the chemical industry. However, although some of the largest industrial firms in the world are chemical companies, a substantial number of chemicals are produced by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For example, companies with fewer than 50 employees make 95 percent of the 50,000 chemicals produced in the United States. Governments have only limited interactions with SMEs, and these companies are often not very involved in the discussions on chemical safety." That makes it difficult to assess information related to chemical management and to implement regulatory controls and measures in SMEs. 

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) [6]. An SME is investing 1.4 million to buy a new and modem machine that will increase the process efficiency. What should the monthly savings be to recover the investment in 2.5 years (NPV = 0) if the aimual interest rate is 12.68 % ... 

This chapter will analyse the main policy initiatives recently undertaken at EU level to foster the innovation capacity in Europe, reaching the goal of building a Knowledge Biobased Economy, and to favour the market entry of new and innovative biobased products. Many of the initiatives and plans adopted by the EU in the bioeconomy sector have tried to involve the main stakeholders, i.e., the industry sector (with a strong focus on small and medium-sized enterprises (SME)), European associations, European technology platforms and researchers. 

It is important to also remember that safety is as equally important for small companies as large corporations and multinationals. In many countries, the economic and labor market growth engines are small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). By some accounts, it can be almost up to 70% of all new jobs created in any given year. Safety tools and techniques are not just for big companies with a lot of money at stake but also for these SMEs. If the smaller companies don t take an equally methodical approach to safety, then it will become difficult for them to continue to grow in a sustainable way. 

While political trends in many countries have led to smaller government, reduced public service, deregulation and privatisation of what used to be government responsibilities, there has been increased attention focused on small and medium-size enterprises (SME). 

Oerlemans et al. (2009, p. 36) looked at collaborative temporary organizations in several German Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Based on a survey of 1,500 SMEs having participated in collaborative programs, the analysis focused on the management style chosen by the organization and founded, on the basis of four case studies, that they were managed in different ways (Table 2). 

ABSTRACT A multitude of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) interventions have proven to be effective under controlled conditions, but their implementation in practice is often difficult and interventions may therefore not work as expected, especidly when referring to Small and Medium sized Enterprises (SMEs). In order to solve this challenge, this paper proposes a model for the systematic design of OHS interventions which takes into account the underlying mechanisms and the contextual factors which can hamper or further the implementation of interventions. 

The distribution of sample firms by industry sectors, turnover, and number or workers is summarised in Table 4. The Small- and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs)—as defined in the 2003/361/ EC Recommendation (European Commission, 2003)—mainly belong to the most important... 

A business solution needs to be fotmd to assure supply chain security on the one hand but that doesn t result in a process of concentration and reduced competition on the other hand. The heterogeneity of the industries and consideration that solutions that are too large and cost intensive are not affordable for many small and medium sized enterprises (SME) must also be taken into accoimt. 

Kheni, N. A., Gibb, A. G. F., Dainty, A. R. J. (2010). Health and safety management within small- and medium-sized enterprises SMEs in developing countries study of contextual influences. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 136, 1104—1115. 

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