Biobased products

Heterogeneous catalysts, particularly zeolites, have been found suitable for performing transformations of biomass carbohydrates for the production of fine and specialty chemicals.123 From these catalytic routes, the hydrolysis of abundant biomass saccharides, such as cellulose or sucrose, is of particular interest. The latter disaccharide constitutes one of the main renewable raw materials employed for the production of biobased products, notably food additives and pharmaceuticals.124 Hydrolysis of sucrose leads to a 1 1 mixture of glucose and fructose, termed invert sugar and, depending on the reaction conditions, the subsequent formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) as a by-product resulting from dehydration of fructose. HMF is a versatile intermediate used in industry, and can be derivatized to yield a number of polymerizable furanoid monomers. In particular, HMF has been used in the manufacture of special phenolic resins.125... 

Patel, M. and Narayan, R. (2005). How sustainable are biopolymers and biobased products The hope and the reality. In Natural Fibres, Biopolymers and Their Biocomposites, ed. Mohanty, A. K., Misra, M. and Drzal, L. T. Boca Raton (USA) CRC Press, pp. 833-853. 

Figure 2.13 did not include all the biomass conversion processes discussed above. It only considered those that produce transportation fuels. The processes that convert bio-feedstock into biocrude or electricity could not be included because their products have a different value than the transportation fuels. Such a comparison can be attempted by displaying the total manufacturing cost of biobased products in a graph that shows typical relationships between the price of crude and that its derivatives, i.e., of fuel oil, transportation fuel and electricity. This has been done in Fig. 2.14 for the lignocellulose conversion processes. 

U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (a) UAion for Bioenergy Biobased Products in The United States, October 2002 bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/pdfs/BioVision 03 Web.pdf. (b) Roadmap for Biomass Technologies in the United States, December 2002 bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/pdfs/FinalBiomassRoadmap.pdf... 

Vision for Bioenergy and Biobased Products in the United States, DOE, October 2002 bioproducts-bioenergy.gov/board.html... 

Joshi, S. (2008) Can nanotechnology improve the sustainability of biobased products The case of layered silicate hiopolymer nanocomposites. J. Ind. Ecol., 12 (3), 474-489. 

Biomass Technical Advisory Committee. (2002), Vision for Bioenergy Biobased Products in the United States, United States Department of Energy, Office of the Biomass Program, Washington, DC. 

Other companies showing strong interest in the production of biobased succinic acid and its derivatives are Mitsubishi Chemical and Ajinomoto Company, Inc., which have agreed to collaboratively develop a biobased process to convert sugars into succinic acid. These companies plan to construct a succinic acid plant in Japan with an initial capacity of 30,000 metric t/yr (MT) by 2006 (42). Table 4 shows the current market estimates for the fossil-based chemicals, as well as 2020 market estimates for the biobased products potentially based on biobased succinic acid. 

This is the price of the current applications targeted by the biobased product and not the price of the biobased product. 

Biobased Products from Optimized Sorghum Grain (10)... 

The chemical and lubricant markets represent an enormous opportunity for biobased products, but many obstacles must be overcome on the way to commercialization. To gain acceptance and supplant products made from petroleum, industrial bioproducts will need to be able to compete in terms of both cost and performance advances in biotechnology will play a key role in surmounting these economic and technical barriers. Given the size of the potential markets and the considerable research under way, the future looks bright for a biobased economy. 

Bozell JJ, Petersen GR (2010) Technology development for the production of biobased products from biorefinery carbohydrates-the us department of energy s Top 10 revisited. Green Chem 12 539-554... 

The development of biobased products is part of the current initiative to support the sustainable agriculture movement and to replace petrochemical substrates with renewable feedstocks. These activities provide the incentive to convert or incorporate agricultural biomass, co-products, and similar low-value materials into more valuable materials that benefit both growers and consumers. Glycerin obtained from the production of biodiesel presents a versatile substrate for the development of new products, and complements the biobased initiative. 

Caparella, T., Biodiesel Bulletin USDA awards biodiesel grants, proposes increased buying of biobased products. Render The National Magazine of Rendering, 33(1), 12-15 (February, 2004). 

Industrial biotech represents a broad range of applications, including biobased products, bioenergy, biobased polymers, and national defense. The Department of Defense, for example, has a program to build mobile biorefineries that recycle kitchen waste. 

Primary inputs Oil, gas, biobased products Mines, sea water Basic chemicals Basic chemicals Performance and basic... 

Block, D. 1999. Executive order and proposed bill will boost biobased products and bioenergy. Biocycle Magazine, 40 55-57. 

FOOD AND BIOBASED PRODUCT USES OF SOYBEAN OIL 11.1. Distribution of Soybean Oil Utilization... 

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