Situation in Europe

Current EU waste policy is based on a concept known as the waste hierarcly. This means that, ideally, waste should be prevented and what cannot be prevented should be reused, recycled and recovered as much as is feasible, with landfill being used as little as possible. The longterm goal is for the EU to become a recycling society. 

Despite the intensive efforts of some countries to reduce the amounts of waste, the quantity of solid waste is significantly increasing within the European Unioa From 1995 to 2003 municipal waste generation in the European Union (EU 25) has con-stantfy grown by about 2% per year from 204 million tonnes (457 kg/person) in 1995 to 243 milhon tonnes (534kg/person) in 2003 (cf Fig. 1.2) [4], 

Where municipal waste is concerned, each EU citizen produces an average of 550 kg per year (Fig. 1.3). Generation is higher in the old Member States with 574 kg/person compared to 312 kg/person in the new Member States. 

The landfilled waste has decreased in the same period by about 10% from 131.4 million tonnes in 1995 to 118.5 million tonnes in 2003 on account of increased incineration and 

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To provide useful data, the latter requires change over time. The limitation of this type of analysis is that, as yet, there is no systematic collection of organic market data, which makes it difficult to generalise across countries. The situation in Europe is being addressed by the activities of EISfOM. See for example, Recke el al. (2004). The current chapter therefore draws on a number of different studies and data collections in order to illustrate the arguments put forward. 

It is not the aim of this memorandum to prophesy the moment at which the untenable situation in Europe will reach the stage of open war. The definitive solution of Germany s economic situation lies in an extension of our living space, i.e., an extension of the raw materials and food basis of our nation.. . Much more important [than "political leadership" solving the problem is to prepare for the war during the peace. 

Any guess about the fete of the remaining tropical forests and coral reefs under such a pressure is fer from optimistic. Pressure for space in developing countries resembles the situation in Europe centuries ago. 

The consumer markets in North America appear to have contracted somewhat. A decline of cannabis use was also found in the Oceania region, which has the worlds highest levels of prevalence rates for cannabis. But there has been a reported increase of cannabis use in Africa and in most countries of South America. The situation in Europe and Asia is mixed. The number of all countries reporting increases in cannabis use fell from 58 per cent of all countries reporting in 2000 to 45 per cent in 2005, while the number of countries reporting declines increased from 7 per cent in 2000 to 21 per cent in 2005. 

Commercial white oak furnished 90% of all tight cooperage in the United States as early as 1908 (3). Tight cooperage reached its maximum production in the United States in 1929 at nearly 107 million m3 of wood consumed, dropped until 1952, and then rose slightly to about 26 million m3 in 1962 (33). Present production is believed similar. These figures illustrate the decline in the use of wooden cooperage, but they also indicate that, with less demand for barrels and their use primarily for premium products, the oak used can be restricted to the best. The situation in Europe appears similar. 

Sundin, E.B. (1985) The formaldehyde situation in Europe. Proceedings of 19th International Particleboard/Composite Materials Symposium, WSU. 

More and more chemical companies do recognize the fact that their image, their reputation, plays a very important role in successful business. A proper image of the company is necessary to ensure public support for its activities. A study done in the United States showed that only the tobacco industry and the nuclear energy sector had a worse reputation than the chemical industry. The situation in Europe is probably not very much different. On the other hand, process intensification, deeply anchored in the philosophy of sustainable development, in safe and environmentally friendly processing, presents perhaps the simplest, the most obvious key to the improved image of the chemical industry. 

Dr Neal Halsey, head of the Institute for Vaccine Safety at John Hopkins University, explained that the poor sales had resulted from public misperception and the promotion of false concerns (5). Lyme disease researchers consider the Lyme vaccine story in the USA to have been a setback in Ljme disease prevention. Vaccines meeting the specific epidemiological situation in Europe are under development. Lyme disease prevention and prophylaxis has been reviewed (6). 

Matthews B. BSEATSE risks associated with active pharmaceuticals ingredients and starting materials Situation in Europe and the global implications for healthcare manufacturers. PDA ] Pharm Sci Technol 2001 55 295-329. 

At the moment one has no comprehensive survey of the photochemical oxidant situation in Europe. It has been pointed out many times during the past years that such survey is needed, but so far the affected countries have been reluctant to spend money on a case for which causes have as yet not been proven. 

The present experience indicates that the regional air pollution situation in Europe and in North-America has gradually become more serious. In general terms, a change of our chemical environment has been taking place. The atmosphere has become more acidified and the oxidation potential has increased. 

The situation in Europe changed towards the end of the 17th century. Improvements in sanitation produced a dramatic decline in the incidence of bubonic plague, whilst a mutation of the variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) appears to have produced a more virulent strain. During the 18th century, most Europeans contracted smallpox and around one in five of the population (a total in excess of 50 million people) died from the disease. Localised epidemics could be even more devastating like the one of 1707 in Iceland, when 36% of the population died, or the one of 1719 in Paris, when 14000 of the population died. 

The current situation in Europe is that in many centres anaesthesia resources are relatively limited, which has led to the situation where more and more... 

The changing situation in Europe with respect to the lead content of gasoline and its associated aromatic content is shown in Table I. 

He said from the military point of view the situation in Europe was secure but that we hoped for Soviet participation in the war against Japan at a time when it would be useful to us. The Russians had it within their power to delay their entry into the Far Eastern war until we had done all the dirty work. He was inclined to agree with Mr. Stimson that the possibility of a break with Russia was very serious. 

Berenbold, H., Rinse softeners-current situation in Europe. Inform 5(l) 82-84,1994. 

For working situations in Europe the most relevant exposure limits are the OELs. They are elaborated and the relation with DNELs and DMELs is shortly given. For surface contamination currently no standards exist but threshold values are proposed (see Sect. 26.5.4). 

The uneasy situation in Europe also helped modify the restrictions imposed upon the CWS. Two years before the outbreak of war the service began work on a mustard gas shell filling plant at Edgewood Arsenal, Md. 

Unlike the older, simple iron manufacturing processes, pig iron takes up the total phosphorus content from the ore. Iron made from a high-phosphorus pig iron will have a high content of phosphorus and suffer from blue brittleness. Thus, only iron ores with low phosphorus contents could be used in the blast furnace process for production of a high-quality iron. In the new situation in Europe the production units had to be located in regions with a large supply of ore with low phosphorus - and high iron - contents. Some examples are shown in Table 8.1. 

Aligning the organizations in Romania to the European directives would lead to improved working conditions and reducing work accidents. Accident situation in Europe (by selecting the relevant countries to this research) in 2011 is shown in Table 1. 

Fauroux PH, Muir IF. Home treatment for chronic respiratory insufficiency the situation in Europe in 1992. Eur Respir J 1994 7 1721-1726. 

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