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Variola virus

CDC Case Definition An illness with acute onset of fever >101°F followed by a rash characterized by firm, deep seated vesicles or pustules in the same stage of development without other apparent cause. Clinically consistent cases are those presentations of smallpox that do not meet this classical clinical case definition (1) hemorrhagic type, (2) flat type, and (3) variola sine eruptione. Laboratory criteria for diagnosis is (1) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of variola DNA in a clinical specimen, or (2) isolation of smallpox (variola) virus from a clinical specimen (Level D laboratory only confirmed by variola PCR). [Pg.578]

Variola virus causes smallpox. The incubation period is about 12 days with a range of 7 to 17 days following exposure. Initial symptoms include high fever, fatigue, and head and back aches. A characteristic rash, most prominent on the face, arms, and legs, follows in 2-3 days. The rash starts with flat red lesions that evolve at the same rate. Lesions become pus-filled and begin to crust early in the second week. Scabs develop and then separate and fall off after about 3-4 weeks. Most patients with smallpox recover, but death occurs in up to 30% of cases. [Pg.357]

Although personnel who have been vaccinated recently and who have a demonstrated immune response should be fully protected against infection with smallpox virus, they should continue to observe standard contact precautions including using protective clothing and shoe covers when in contact with smallpox patients or contaminated materials to prevent inadvertent spread of variola virus to susceptible persons and potential self-contact with other infectious agents. [Pg.358]

The planned destruction of stocks of smallpox-causing variola virus at the two remaining depositories in the United States and Russia is delayed over fears that large-scale production of vaccine might be needed in the event of a bioterrorist action. [Pg.24]

Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly. (2002). Smallpox eradication Destruction of Variola virus stocks. Resolution WHASS.IS. Geneva, Switzerland World Health Organization. [Pg.420]

Three years after smallpox eradication, in 1980, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that aU countries cease smallpox vaccination. In addition, WHO recommended that all laboratories destroy stocks of the virus or transfer them to either of two WHO reference laboratories, the Institute of Virus Preparations in Moscow, Russia, or the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States. However, there may have been stocks of virus elsewhere (26,27). Although the WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus research recommend eradication of aU smallpox stocks by June 30,2002, the WHO Health Assembly has delayed this each year because of concerns that stocks of virus are needed for continued study (28). [Pg.43]

G3R Orthopoxvirus Variola virus (human smallpox virus) p35 High-affinity inhibitory binding of all j3 chemokines and low-affinity binding of IL-8... [Pg.23]

Huq, F., 1976. Effect of temperature and relative humidity on variola virus in crusts. Bull. World Health Organ., 54 710-712. [Pg.146]

Pieris brassicae Granulovirus Polyhedral inclusion bodies Pieris rapae Granulovirus Tri-(n-butyl)-phosphate Trichoplusia ni Granulovirus Trichoplusia ni Nuclear Polyhedrosis Vims Vaccinia virus Variola virus... [Pg.150]

The situation in Europe changed towards the end of the 17th century. Improvements in sanitation produced a dramatic decline in the incidence of bubonic plague, whilst a mutation of the variola virus (the causative agent of smallpox) appears to have produced a more virulent strain. During the 18th century, most Europeans contracted smallpox and around one in five of the population (a total in excess of 50 million people) died from the disease. Localised epidemics could be even more devastating like the one of 1707 in Iceland, when 36% of the population died, or the one of 1719 in Paris, when 14000 of the population died. [Pg.90]

In light of those circumstances, and considering the extremely undesirable possession of this virus by various countries—hence its expected migration to terror elements, as well—the final and complete destruction of virus stocks held anywhere, and particularly in the CDC and Vector, was ordered in 1993,1994,1995, and 1996, but they have not yet been destroyed in those two facilities. Yet the continuation of this actuality has been approved. The World Health Assembly has passed resolutions (WHA52.10) (WHA 55.15) authorizing temporary retention of the existing stocks of variola virus for the purpose of further essential research [246]. [Pg.1603]

The program of research is overseen by the WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research, composed of members from all WHO regions and advised by some 10 scientific academic experts from such areas as public health, fundamental applied research, and regulatory agencies. Current reports are submitted to the World Health Assembly and are worth detailing due to the uniqueness of the topic at large, as follows. [Pg.1603]

Articles summarizing recent research overseen by the WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research... [Pg.1603]

Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox [pdf 564 kb] [247]... [Pg.1603]

Comparative restriction analysis of genomic DNAs of the variola virus strains from the Russian collection... [Pg.1604]

Viability estimation of variola virus isolates from the Russian collection [250]... [Pg.1604]

Smallpox Destruction of variola virus stocks. World Health Organization. Available http //www.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf files/WHA58/A58 10-en.pdf. [Pg.1646]

Jahrling P B, Hensley L E, Martinez M J, et al. (2004). Exploring the potential of variola virus infection of cynomolgus macaques as a model for human smallpox. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101 15196-15200.337. [Pg.1646]

WHO (2004). Abstracts summarizing recent research overseen by the WHO Advisory Committee on Variola Virus Research. Available http //www.who.int/csr/disease/ smallpox/abstracts2004/en/indexl.html. [Pg.1646]

Esposito J J, Sammons S, Frace M, et al. Variola Virus Genomics. Available http // www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/virusgenomics/en/index.html. [Pg.1646]


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