Sinus cold

Traditional use Leafy tops and roots are used for medicinal purposes. Leaves are collected from plants during the flowering stage and the roots are collected in the autumn. Avicenna used the herb in baths to treat kidney stones and uterine ulcers, and to induce menstruation. A decoction of the herb is used to treat sinus colds (Khahnatov et al. 1984), nervous diseases, epilepsy, and nemasthenia, and is also used as an anticonvulsant. The aboveground parts are used to treat poisoning, inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, tuberculosis, and to increase the appetite. It is also used externally as a lotion to treat ulcers and persistent wounds (Maznev 2004). 

IVaditional use A syrap made from the aboveground parts is used as a diuretic, anti-inflammatory, expectorant, diaphoretic, and choleretic. A decoction is nsed to treat coughs, sinus colds and illnesses of the eyes, throat, and stomach. The roots are used as an emetic and laxative. In Turkmenistan and the Caucasus a decoction of the flowers with sugar is used to treat heart illnesses (Plant Resources of the USSR 1986). 

Decongestants are used to treat the congestion associated with rhinitis, hay fever, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, and the common cold. In addition, they are used in adjunctive therapy of middle ear infections to decrease congestion around the eustachian tube Nasal inhalers may relieve ear block and pressure pain during air travel. Many can be administered orally as well as topically, but topical application is more effective than the oral route. 

Robafen PE Liquid—pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin Robitussin Cold Sinus and Congestion—pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin, acetaminophen Robitussin PE liquid—pseudoephedrine, guaifenesin Rondec Tablets—pseudoephedrine HC1, carbinoxamine maleate... 

Triaminic Cold, Allergy, Sinus Medicine—pseudoephedrine HC1, chlorpheniramine maleate, acetaminophen... 

Ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine and chlorpheniramine are the drag substances have an effect as antihistaminic, nasal decongestant and antiinflammatory, respectively. The combination of these drags, is effective in cold, sinus and flu symptoms and used for upper respiratory infections. Nipagen (methylparaben) is widely used as... 

Rhinorrhoea and sneezing are characteristic symptoms of allergic rhinitis (hay fever). Fever and chesty cough indicate an upper respiratory tract infection. Headache and malaise are accompanying symptoms of common colds. Headache may also develop in allergic rhinitis because of congested sinuses. 

Ibuprofen and Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride Advil Cold Sinus 200/30 mg tablets... 

Middle ear symptoms occurred significantly more frequently among Danish furniture workers exposed to dust levels above 5 mg/mk Other illnesses, such as sinus inflammation, long-lasting colds, asthma, nosebleed, and sneezing, also occurred more frequently in the higher-exposure group. 

Oral For temporary relief of nasal congestion due to the common cold, hay fever, or other upper respiratory allergies, and nasal congestion associated with sinusitis to promote nasal or sinus drainage. 

OTC with pamabrom + pyrilamine (Midol PMS, Pamprin) with antihistamine and decongestant (Actifed Plus, Drixoral Cold Flu, Benadryl Sinus, Sine-Off, Sina-rest) with decongestant, antihistamine, dextromethorphan (Nyquil)... 

Insomnia, peripheral neuropathy, depression, cough, decreased appetite or weight loss, sinusitis, anxiety, asthenia, myalgia, cold sores Rare (3%-2%)... 

OTC with acetaminophen (Dristan Cold) chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton 12 Hour Relief) dexbrompheniramine (Drixoral Cold and Allergy) dextromethorphan (Thera-Flu Non-Drowsy Formula) diphenhydramine (Actifed Allergy) ibuprofen (Advil Cold Sinus, Dristan Sinus) triprolidine (Actifed)... 

Ocular adverse events, including accidental injury, angina pectoris, anxiety, arthritis, back pain, bradycardia, bronchitis, chest pain, cold syndrome, depression, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal disorder, headache, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, hypotension, infection, pain, prostate disorder, sinusitis, urinary incontinence, and urinary tract infection, occur rarely. 

Over-the-counter nasal decongestants cold, sinus, and allergy medications containing pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, or phenylpropanolamine and supplements ... 

Many of these products are being used for specific medical conditions. The top five conditions, in many cases are refractory to conventional medicine, namely menopausal symptoms, colds, allergies/sinus, muscle/joint/ back pain, and premenstrual/menstrual symptoms. 

Overuse of antibiotics comes from the desire to treat colds and other illnesses caused by viruses rather than bacteria. Unlike bacteria, viruses do not respond to antibiotics. Yet the symptoms of bacterial and viral infections are similar enough that patients often want antibiotics for both. For example, a study from Harvard University reports that more than a million children a year unnecessarily receive antibiotics for sore throats.53 While 15 to 36 percent of children with sore throats have a bacterial streptococcal infection that antibiotics can treat, 54 percent of the children studied received an antibiotic. Other studies report similar overuse among adults for sinus infections. Although only a small portion of sinus infections result from bacteria, most patients visiting physicians for the problem get a prescription for an antibiotic. 

In clinical practice, some chronic infections (e.g. sinusitis, bronchitis, gastroenteritis and urinary tract infection) are the result of using high dosages of cold herbs or antibiotics. Therefore, a small amount of herbs that follow the nature of fire and disperse constrained fire should be used with the bitter and cold herbs in order to clear the heat completely. 

Common cold, influenza, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pulmonary emphysema, chronic sinusitis, skin disorders and depression. 

Recurrent colds, spontaneous sweating with slight fever and aversion to wind after illness, surgery or childbirth, chronic sinusitis, allergies, and morning sickness in early pregnancy. 

A chemical cousin of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (Figure 5.2b) is found in many allergy and cold medications, such as Sudafed and Actifed , and acts to open nasal passages and sinuses to clear nasal congestion. Pseudoephedrine is also a nervous system stimulant—it is much less potent than... 

While a tradition of using minor remedies for things like colds or warts existed, reasonable people left the control of drugs in the hands of the experts. Even patent medicines derived their fundamental cultural status from the implied approval of these groups, or had to go back to their precursors, the medicine men and shamans of primitive days. To this day, television advertisements for patent medicines that will cure headaches, sinus congestion, or "tired blood" are... 

The antibacterial enzyme lysozyme is also found in nasal secretions. Lysozyme is produced by the epithelium and mucus glands where it can attack the cell walls of susceptible microorganisms, its action being optimal at the slightly acidic microclimate pH. The pH of nasal mucus varies with age, sleep, rest, emotion, infection, and diet. When it is cold, or during rhinitis or sinusitis, the pH tends to be alkaline, which deactivates the lysozyme in mucus and therefore increases the risk of microbial infection. Under normal conditions, the nasal secretions, as indicated earlier, have a pH of 5.5 to 6.5, which is the optimum pH for the activity of lysozyme. 

Elder is known for its diaphoretic and anticatarrhal properties. Traditionally, it is used for influenza, colds, chronic nasal catarrh with deafness, and sinusitis. Elder is also believed to act as a diuretic, laxative, and local anti-inflammatory agent. 

Antihistamines are used to alleviate allergic conditions such as rashes and runny eyes and nose and are decongestants that are used for swelled sinuses and nasal passages during the common cold. These symptoms are caused by histamine and hence the drugs that get rid of them are antihistamines. Antihistamines are also sleep inducers. 

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