Shutdown items

Troubleshooting deals with identifying and solving problems. Problems can be immediate or long term and can be associated with off-spec products, poor efficiency, process improvements, capacity increases, or potential shutdown items. Problems can be related to management, operation, hardware and equipment, or process issues. Solutions can include improved operating procedures and training, preventative maintenance, or installation of new equipment or controls. 

A permissive is a special type of interlock that controls a set of conditions that must be satisfied before a piece of equipment can be started. Permissives deal with start-up items, whereas hardwire interlocks deal with shutdown items. A permissive is an interlock controlled by the distributive control system (DCS). This type of interlock will not necessarily shut down the equipment if one or more of its conditions are not met. It will, however, keep the equipment from starting up. 

Operation includes nonual start-up, normal and emergency shutdown, and most activities performed by die production team. Whilst inlierently safe plant design limits inventories of hazardous substances, inherently safe operation ensures die number of individuals at risk are minimized. Access to die plant for non-essendal operational people such as maintenance engineers, post staff, administrators, quality control samplers, warehouse staff delivering raw material or plant items or collecting finished product, members of security, visitors etc., must be controlled. 

Provision of clearly written operating instructions, accessible to operators, referring to numbered/identified plant items, covering Start-up and shutdown... 

Prior to entering any asset detail on the planning schedule, items such as holiday periods and seasonal or shutdown programs should be indicated. This can be done by the use of highlighter pens on the calendar weeks that require specific attention to loading of the relevant work tasks. 

Scheduling of work tasks and therefore labor utilization can be carried out in a number of different methods on a computer, depending on the software system purchased. These methods can be similar to the manual system or they may take the form of automatic scheduling. That is, the work tasks are entered into the computer system with the appropriate hours and trades and the software program automatically schedules the hours evenly over the weeks of the year. In implementing such scheduling care has to be taken to ensure that such items as weekends, statutory holidays, annual leave, annual shutdown and seasonal... 

Shutdown work request log When the planning department receives a shutdown work order, it is immediately recorded in the shutdown work request log. The maintenance clerk should verify that the item number assigned agrees with the next sequential number on the maintenance work order log. Work requests forwarded to shutdown planning should indicate equipment number and... 

Items of plant fabricated from stainless steels should be inspected before first use and after any maintenance work or unplanned shutdown. All materials that rely for their corrosion resistance on the presence of an oxide or similar passive layer are susceptible to localized attack where that layer is absent or damaged. Damage is most commonly caused by scratching, metallic contamination (nearby grinding or touching with ferrous tools), embedding of grit and weld spatter. 

Strictly, planned maintenance refers to a policy of shutting down a plant at regular intervals to replace or refurbish items of equipment which although not having failed by corrosion or any other mode, would have a high probability of doing so before the next shutdown. 

Operators who balk at the cost of providing water treatment for resistance boilers are perhaps the very same people who fail to provide adequate maintenance from the beginning of their employment and end up complaining because of unplanned production shutdowns and considerable (and unnecessary) high-cost repairs. Water treatment does not have to be sophisticated or expensive for such relatively small and simple items of boiler equipment, but some form of treatment and control is required. 

Where feed lines have short pipe runs, where hot wells or FW tanks are of small volume, or when FW is too cold, there often is insufficient time for full DO scavenging to take place, even when using catalyzed scavengers. The inevitable result of this lack of contact time is the formation of oxygen-induced corrosion products, which by various secondary mechanisms may settle out to form permanent deposits within the boiler system. These deposits may develop in several forms (e.g., where DO removal is particularly poor, they often appear as reddish tubercles of hematite covering sites where pitting corrosion is active). Active pitting corrosion combined with the presence of waterside deposits ultimately may lead to tube failure in a boiler or other item of system equipment and result in a system shutdown. 

This case study embraces the design and validation of both standard and intelligent instrament applications, and briefly discusses special instrament systems (shutdown systems and analyzer packages). The number of instruments that can be involved with the dynamic operation of a pharmaceutical manufacturing process can be large (2000 to 3000 items). In most cases, they are... 

General new plant/rehab/retrofit, shutdown work, plant rules, special control requirements, completion date, long delivery items, etc. 

Shutdown, closure, and postclosure costs should be a capital expenditure item beginning with the prospect-approval feasibility study. While in the present value sense it may be inconsequential, nevertheless the importance of early environmental planning for reclamation and closure must be spotlighted. 

The Chemical Weapons Working Group provided a list of 118 items to the committee (see Appendix C), 55 of which were notations of operational shutdowns and unconfirmed automatic continuous air monitoring system (ACAMS) alarms, for example Site masking alarm and/or stack alarm. Potential case of chemical warfare agent release or release of other related toxic chemicals (unidentified to date). It is probable that most, if not all, of the site masking alarms... 

There are other normal maintenance items that require extended shutdown periods but can probably be scheduled during other changeovers. For example ... 

ID Date Time Description of Item GA Log Book No. Page No. Shutdown Caused Eix Time (hr) Problem Type System/ Component Involved... 

Corrosion is both costly and dangerous. Billions of dollars are spent annually for the replacement of corroded structures, machinery, and components, including metal roofing, condenser tubes, pipelines, and many other items. In addition to replacement costs are those associated with maintenance to prevent corrosion, inspections, and the upkeep of cathodically protected structures and pipelines. Indirect costs of corrosion result from shutdown, loss of efficiency, and product contamination or loss. 

PE logic solvers for SIF applications should provide diagnostics for all elements of the PE logic solver. An IWDT system may provide user selectable options ranging from the shutdown of an input or output card to total shutdown of the system. IWDT diagnostics check items the logic solver manufacturer considers most important. The limitations of an IWDT may include ... 

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