Indicating equipment

Fire detection and fire alarm systems. Control and indicating equipment. With BS EN 54-4 1997, superseded BS 5839 Part 4 1998 which remains cuiTcnt... 

Shutdown work request log When the planning department receives a shutdown work order, it is immediately recorded in the shutdown work request log. The maintenance clerk should verify that the item number assigned agrees with the next sequential number on the maintenance work order log. Work requests forwarded to shutdown planning should indicate equipment number and... 

Either before the dry run begins or while it is progressing, the instrument engineers and technicians should calibrate all the instruments over their full range and make certain they are connected to the correct recording and indicating equipment. 

Labelling and Calibration Check calibration certificate, indicate equipment identification details ... 

Pressure detection shall be used for closed enclosure applications. Threshold detectors provide an electric signal when a preset overpressure is exceeded. Dynamic detectors provide an electric signal to the control and indicating equipment (CIE). Typically they have both rate-of-rise and pressure threshold triggering points that can be configured specifically to the application conditions. Although this type of detector minimizes spurious activation of the isolation system (due to pressure fluctuations other than explosion pressure rise), care shall be taken to set up such detectors to meet appropriate detection response criteria for the particular application and protected enclosure geometry. 

A narrow range is required and is generally acceptable if the variation is less than 10°C ( 2°F) of the mean chamber temperature. Significant temperature deviations greater than 2.5°C ( 4.5°F) of the mean chamber temperature may indicate equipment malfunction. Stratified or entrapped air may also cause significant temperature variations within the sterilizer chamber. Initially, a temperature distribution profile should be established from studies conducted on the empty chamber. Confidence may be gained through repetition, and therefore empty chamber studies should be conducted in triplicate in order to obtain satisfactory assurance of consistent results. 

STATE the two environmental concerns that can affect the accuracy and reliabiltity of position indication equipment. 

Experience to date indicates equipment selection and system design are important considerations in liquified gas deacidification systems. Operations using magnesium alkoxides or similar materials sensitive to trace quantities of moisture should be conducted under anhydrous conditions, and in-line design constructions leading to vapor locks should be avoided. Components must be selected for exposure to an anhydrous, methanol/dichlorodifluoromethane, alkaline alkoxide solution. 

Although the discussion below refers throughout to calculations based on capacitance ratios and the measurement of capacitance, the instrument used (especially in the case of direct-indication equipment) need not measure or indicate capacitance directly. Measuring equipment may be used that displays, for example. 

Much of the modern direct indication equipment measures admittance or impedance by calculating the complex ratio of complex current and voltage, using sophisticated computing techniques. Apparatus of this kind is often equipped to accept inputs through y. 4. or 5 terminals, so that errors due to series and, or parallel stray impedances can be eliminated. 

In the alarm concentrated systems the supervisory lines are introduced directly to suitable control and indicating equipment. Also other different lines feeding the acoustic, optical, acoustic - optical signalizers. 

Distracted alarm systems are systems in which supervisory tines can, but they do not have to be introduced direetly to the control and indicating equipment. Usually the eontrol and indieating equipment is there eonneeted to the transmission line to whieh are also eonneeted the elosely defined modules e.g. expanding modules, the modules of printers, the modules of the power. 

Opened bypass valves, opened steam-bleed valves, steam leaking out of steam traps, visible waste condensate, and system water hammers are the signs that steam consuming equipment are not optimal. An opened bypass valve usually indicates equipment limitation, so operators open bypass valves to compensate. Bleeders are often visible at turbines and in steam jacket tracing applications. This could be a sign that operators may not have confidence in the installed CDL, so they bleed valuable steam to achieve the required operation. 

BS 3116 Automatic fire alarms in buildings Part 1 1970 Heat sensitive (point) detectors Part 4 1974 Control and indicating equipment BS 4422 Glossary of terms associated with fire Part 1 1969 The phenomenon of fire Part 2 1971 Building materials and structures Part 3 1972 Means of escape Part 4 1975 Fire protection equipment Part 5 1976 Miscellaneous terms BS 4547 1972 Classification of fires... 

Examples of inadequacies or failures of engineering controls include BOP malfunction, hydraulic failure, gauge or indicator equipment error or malfunction, power disruption, and valve failure. Engineering controls are subject to failure due to inadequate design, installation, inspection, testing, and maintenance. 

The heart and brains of any fire alarm installation, tiie control and indicating equipment provides the power as well as monitoring tiie system and indicating the location of any detected fire. The control equipment should be in an easily accessible location so that it can be seen quickly and easily in the event of an alarm and give immediate information on the location of the fire. More advanced systems (known as programmable or intelligent systems) can identify exactly which device has actuated and... 

The cooperation of the individual machine operators is of prime importance. They are on the spot and most able to detect unusual events that may indicate equipment malfunctions. Once an attitude of general cooperation is established, coordination should be refined to monthly weekly, daily, and possibly even hourly schedules. Major shutdowns and holidays should be carefully planned so any work that requires cold shutdown can be done during those periods. Maintenance will often find that they must do this kind of work on weekends and holidays, when other persons are on vacation. Normal maintenance should be coordinated according to the following considerations ... 

Fire alarm panels comprise control and indicating equipment and perform three principal functions ... 

The Conduct of Operations manual states that position indicators are subject to equipment failures that could result in displaying the incorrect status of a valve or breaker. Personnel are directed to perform one check locally at the component to avoid positioning errors due to indicating equipment failures. ROSI IV.15 grants the shift manager the authority to modify independent verification requirements if excessive radiation exposure or other personnel hazard would result. This would be accomplished using a temporary procedure change or other approved processes. 

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