Normal, meaning

I have derived a process for preferentially separating the Safrole out of Sassafras Oil. This process is based on the physical properties of the various components listed above combined with a little chemistry knowledge. The normal means of purifying Sassa-... 

Halide Displacement. Hahde displacement is a method used to prepare thiols that are not readily available by normal means. It requires a two-phase, water—organic system, that can be quite corrosive. Normally, this type of reaction, a classic Sj 2 type, is undertaken in HasteUoy or glass-lined... 

If the user wants higher accuracy in the predictions, and if he/she is willing to pay for the increase in accuracy in terms of increased computing cost, more grid nodes should be used. In general, more grid nodes should be located where the flow is complex. For an empty room without furniture or persons, this normally means that more grid nodes should be placed near walls and in... 

The three normal means of presenting the spectrophotometric data are described below by far the most common procedure is to plot absorbance against wavelength (measured in nanometres). The wavelength corresponding to the absorbance maximum (or minimum transmission) is read from the plot and is used for the preparation of the calibration curve. This point is chosen... 

Used alone, base normally means a Bronsted base, base buffer See buffer. 

Since the soil normally means poorer heat conduction than the rock an unexpected large depth of soil results in a too short borehole. This will lead to under dimensioning and a risk of freezing in the casing. 

Ionization normally means the removal of an electron from an atom or a molecule. The capture of an electron by a neutral entity may or may not result in a stable negative ion. When it does, the process is called an attachment. The inverse process—that is, the removal of an electron from a negative ion—should, in principle, be called detachment. However, chemists often also call this ionization. 

Another name for liner. Also used with the normal meaning as in chemical plant lining, hose lining, etc. 

Also used with its normal meaning of that in which anything is embedded , e.g., in a rubber mix the rubber is the matrix in which the compounding ingredients are dispersed. 

The term has wide application with its normal meaning of layer, thickness, fold or strand. 

This term has its normal meaning as in the structure of vulcanised rubber but it now has a particular significance in relation to carbon black. See Carbon Black Structure. 

Used with the normal meaning as in a protective varnish for rubber products, but sometimes used in the sense of rubber cement. 

Whether the flavour used is natural, nature identical, synthetic, or a mixture it has to be dosed into the product. Although some flavourings are very intense the volume added to the product has to be large enough for the equipment or the people to add it with sufficient accuracy. The flavour of course has to be uniformly distributed in the product. This normally means producing the flavour as a solution. Flavours are prepared for a particular use. As an example, citrus oil based flavours can be dissolved in various alcohols. 

As introduced in sections 3.1.3 and 4.2.3, the Arrhenius equation is the normal means of representing the effect of T on rate of reaction, through the dependence of the rate constant k on T. This equation contains two parameters, A and EA, which are usually stipulated to be independent of T. Values of A and EA can be established from a minimum of two measurements of A at two temperatures. However, more than two results are required to establish the validity of the equation, and the values of A and EA are then obtained by parameter estimation from several results. The linear form of equation 3.1-7 may be used for this purpose, either graphically or (better) by linear regression. Alternatively, the exponential form of equation 3.1-8 may be used in conjunction with nonlinear regression (Section 3.5). Seme values are given in Table 4.2. 

To determine the non-seasalt (nSS) contributions of trace elements we have normalized mean concentrations of ions to Cl and subtracted the contributions from seasalt (Nozaki, 1997). We assume that all of the Cl" in the sample was from marine aerosol or marine-derived salt and nSS major ions and trace elements can be calculated. For example the percentage of nSS-S042 is calculated as ... 

Table 12. The statistical estimation of the morbidity in different regions of biosphere, Ukraine, using the deviations from normalized mean values of morbidity (cr-values) (after Evstafyeva et al., 1999).

Thermal or heat detectors respond to the energy emission from a fire in the form or heat. The normal means by which the detector is activated is by convention currents of heated air or combustion products or by radiation effects. Because this means of activation takes some time to achieve thermal detectors are slower to respond to a fire when compared to some other detection devices. 

Exit routes and doors from all facilities should be provided according to the requirements of NFPA 101. The minimum width of all exit routes should not be less than a standardized width, 1.0 meter (39 inches) being commonly adopted. Where low occupancy rooms are provided in offshore facilities near process areas, a secondary emergency escape hatch is provided as an alternative means of escape in addition to the normal means of egress. 

Garby and Noyes (G4) have measured the kinetics of the disappearance of labeled, small amounts, of Hp-bound Hb in plasma. If their data are pooled with the normal mean values presented by Hank et al. (HI) for plasma Hb (0.3mg/100ml plasma), it will be evident that about 0.5 g Hb enters and leaves plasma per day, i.e., a little less than 10% of the normal Hb catabolized is released into, or returned to, the circulation. These data—if correct—can also be used to calculate the approximate amount of Hp engaged in our normal erythrocyte (Hb) turnover. We must assume that the dominating Hp complex formed when Hb enters the circulation in minute amounts is one molecule Hp and y2 molecule Hb, since the saturation of Hp is very low. We accept that the molecular weight of Hp is 100,000. About 1.4 g of Hp will then be con-... 

The fact that GSSGR reacts with both the coenzymes may be implicated in transhydrogenation reactions between NADH2 and NADPH2, since these 2 coenzymes have been found to be decreased in hereditary lack of G-6-PDH (L5, W2). In Table 3 the normal mean values are summarized. 

Normal Mean Values of GSSGR Activities of Human Serum, Recalculated for International Units... 

E) Normal means 1 atm (760 mm Hg) pressure. Boiling occurs at a temperature at which the substance s vapor pressure becomes equal to the pressure above its surface. On this phase diagram, at 1 atm pressure, there is no intercept on a line separating the liquid phase from the gas phase. In other words, carbon dioxide cannot be liquefied at 1 atm pressure. It is in the liquid form only under very high pressures. At 1.0 atm pressure, solid C02 will sublime — that is, go directly to the gas phase. 

According to the Kirkwood theory of polar dielectrics, simple relations (23) between molecular dipole moment vectors and the mean-square total dipole moment of water clusters can be used to compute the static dielectric constant of water. As the normalized mean-square total dipole moment increases towards unity, theory predicts decreases in the static dielectric constant. Since MD results indicate that the mean-square total dipole moment of interfacial water is greater than that for bulk water (48), the static dielectric... 

Fig. 3. Chondrite-normalized mean REE patterns of different generations of uranium oxides from the Millennium (square) and Eagle Point (triangle) deposits with their corresponding U-Pb isotopic age.

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