Serum carcinoembryonic antigen

Baseline laboratory tests should include complete blood cell count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, liver and renal function tests, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Serum CEA can serve as a marker for monitoring colorectal cancer response to treatment, but it is too insensitive and nonspecific to be used as a screening test for early-stage colorectal cancer. 

Complete blood count, liver chemistries, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen... 

W4. Wong, I. H., Yeo, W., Chan, A. T., and Johnson, P. J., Quantitative relationship of the circulating tumor burden assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for cytokeratin 19 mRNA in peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients with Dukes stage, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, and tumor progression. Cancer Lett. 162, 65-73 (2001). 

Pre J, Vassy R. 1993. Cigarette smoking and serum levels of alpha-1 fetoprotein carcinoembryonic antigen cancer antigens 125 and 19-9 Neurone-specific enolase. Med Sci Res 21(12) 445-446. 

V. Bhayanaand E. P. Diamandis, A double monoclonal time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum, Clin. Biochem. 22, 433-138 (1989). 

The antigen should be membrane bound and not shed from the cell surface. One of the positive exceptions to this rule is carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) which is also present in the serum of patients in significant concentrations. 

In another Eu-Tb two-color immunoassay for two low concentration components, highly luminescent labels, BPTA-Tb3+ and BHHCT-Eu3+ were used for human serum AFP and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) by Yuan et al. (2001) (fig. 12). As shown in fig. 10, a well was coated with AFP and CEA antibodies, and after the serum sample was applied, anti-AFP antibody labeled with BHHCT-Eu3+ and anti-CEA antibody labeled with biotin were reacted. After washing the well and measuring the emission of the Eu chelate at 615 nm, SA labeled with BPTA-Tb3+ was added and the emission of the Tb chelate at 545 nm was measured. In this system, the detection limits of AFP and CEA were very low, 44 pg/ml and 76 pg/ml, respectively. 

Stockley RA, Shaw J, Whitfield AG, Whitehead TP, Clarke CA, Burnett D, Effect of cigarette smoking, pulmonary inflammation, and lung disease on concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen in serum and secretions, Thorac., 41 17-24, 1986. 

Tumour markers. Specific types of cancer may produce so-called tumour markers. These markers can be monitored by serum samples that will show the amount of the marker in the blood. Again it is essential to have a baseline measurement of the specific tumour marker in order to monitor any change during treatment. In the case of Mrs KT, a baseline measurement of the CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) marker should be taken and then monitored at each cycle of treatment. Response to treatment should be demonstrated by a progressive reduction in tumour marker levels. 

Fig. 37.—Antibodies directed at colon-tumor glycoprotein antigens. A Carcinoembryonic antigen on gel electrophoresis (I), gel embedded in agar (2). precipitin area (3), tumor antibody (4). B Tumor colon KC1HC1 extract (6), embedded gel (7), precipitin area (8), antibodies (9), extract of normal colon (5). C Agar diffusion of tumor-colon antibodies, C = carcinoembryonic antigen, E = new tumor colon antigens, S, = serum to C EA, S2 = serum to E x indicates periodate-oxidized antigens. [Data from J. H. Pazur, J. Chromatogr. B., 663 (1995) 51-57.)...

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA). Twelve disposable glass test tubes (1.5 X 15 cm, Packard Instrument Co.) are labeled appropriately, and 5 ml of EDTA buffer (3.7 mM EDTA, pH 6.5, 0.017% sodium azide, and 0.002% BSA) are added to each tube. Two-hundred microliters of 50 mM borate buffer, pH 8.4, containing 10% group A human plasma and 0.01% thimerosal are added to the two blank tubes, and 2(K) ju.1 of five increasing dilutions (appropriate dilutions must be determined experimentally for each antiserum) in the same buffer of anti-CEA serum are added in dupli-... 

Carcinoembryonic Antigen Fig. lA). Five mililiters of EDTA buffer is added to each of 10 glass test tubes and then 10, 25, 50, and 100 pi (1.25, 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5 ng) of the CEA standard are added in duplicates to 8 of the tubes. Two tubes receive no nonradioactive CEA. Twenty-five microliters of the appropriate dilution (see titration curve) of anti-CEA serum are added to each tube the tube contents are mixed and then incubated in a H2O bath for 30 min at 45°. After this initial incubation period, the tubes are removed from the bath, and 25 p of I-labeled CEA are added to each tube. The tubes are returned to the 45° bath and are incubated for an additional 30 min. The tubes are removed from the bath, Z-gel is added to stop the reaction, and the tubes are processed as described for the titration curve. 

Smoking affects the body s immune response. For example, serum IgA, IgG, and IgM levels are generally lower in smokers than in nonsmokers, whereas the IgE concentration is higher. Smokers, more often than nonsmokers, may show the presence of antinuclear antibodies and test weakly positive for carcinoembryonic antigen. The sperm count of male smokers is often reduced compared with that in non-smokers the number of abnormal forms is greater and sperm motility is less. 

Snit M. 1993. [Concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein and beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in serum of coke oven workers], Med Pr 44(l) 21-28. (Polish)... 

Rowe HA, Griffiths NJ, Hill DJ, Virji M (2007) Co-ordinate action of bacterial adhesins and human carcinoembryonic antigen receptors in enhanced cellular invasion by capsulate serum resistant Neisseria meningitidis. Cell Microbiol 9 154-168... 

An example of the application of the microchip-based immunosorbent assay is shown below. The human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one of the most widely used tumor markers for serodi-agnosis of colon cancer, was assayed with a microchip-based system [9]. An ultratrace amount of CEA dissolved in serum samples was successfully determined within a short time. Polystyrene beads pre-coated with anti-CEA antibody were introduced into a microchannel. Then a serum sample containing CEA, the first antibody, and the second antibody conjugated with colloidal gold. 

Carboxymethyl)-oximino-5o -dihydrotestosterone-bovine serum albumin conjugate Carcinoembryonic antigen... 

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is elevated in 80% of patients with iPAP (1,4,5,11,32). Concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (5), cytoker-atin (11), Kreb von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), a mucin-like protein secreted by type 11 pneumocytes (35-37), and surfactant proteins-A (SP-A) and SP-D (37 0) are elevated in serum and BALE in iPAP. However, these various laboratory findings are not specific for PAP (5,40). 

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