Alpha Fetoprotein

AFP is a marker for hepatocellular and germ cell (nonseminoma) carcinoma. [Pg.767]

For tumor-derived AFP, the composition of carbohydrate on AFP depends on the activity of saccharide transferase in the tumor cells. Differences in carbohydrate side chains on AFP may be determined by the binding of AFP to lectins, such as concanavahn A (Con A) and lens culinaris (LCA). Molecular variants of AFP can be separated into the liver type and the yolk sac type they differ from each other in their carbohydrate moiety. The yolk sac type of AFP contains [Pg.767]

Except in the pregnant patient, AFP levels greater than 1000 pg/L are indicative of cancer. At these levels of AFP, about half of hepatocellular carcinomas may be detected. However, because the serum level of AFP correlates with the size of the tumor, detection of hepatocellular carcinoma is more useful at the earlier stages, when the tumor is small enough to be resectable (less than 5 cm) than when the tumor is large. To detect small tumors, the cut-off level for AFP has to be set at a low level a cut-off point of 10 to 20pg/L has been recommended. However, at this level, hepatitis and cirrhosis must be considered as possible causes of elevation. [Pg.767]

Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma has been attempted in high-incidence areas, such as Africa, China, Taiwan, Japan, and Alaska. Initial large-scale screening in China using less sensitive techniques (e.g., agglutination and immunodiffusion, which have cut-off values of 400 to 1000 pg/L) was able to detect notable numbers of new cases [Pg.767]

AFP is also useful for determining prognosis and in the monitoring of therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The level of AFP is a prognostic indicator of survival. Elevated AFP levels (greater than lOpg/L) and serum bilirubin levels of greater than 2mg/dL are associated with shorter survival time. [Pg.768]

Enzyme immunosensors are employed for the determination of Hepatitis B surface antigen, IgG, alpha-fetoprotein, estradiol, theophylline, insulin [9004-10-8] and alburnin (69,70). However, these immunosensors generally have slow response times and slow reversibiUty (57). [Pg.103]

K. H. and Hultqulst, A. "Alpha-Fetoprotein In Antenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Nephrosis". Lancet, (1975), 1, 432-433. [Pg.92]

Mclssac and Joshl, M. S. "Prenatal Detection of Neural Tube Defects. Comparison Between Alpha Fetoprotein and Beta-Trace Protein Assays". Amer. J. Obstet. Gynecol,... [Pg.92]

Wald, N. J. Brock, D. J. H. and Bonnar, J. "Prenatal Diagnosis of Spina Bifida and Anencephaly by Maternal Serum - Alpha-Fetoprotein Measurement. A Controlled Study". [Pg.92]

Irony-Tur-Sinai M, Grigoriadis N, Lourbopoulos A, Pinto-Maaravi F, Abramsky O, Brenner T (2006) Amelioration of autoimmune neuroinflammation by recombinant human alpha-fetoprotein. Exp Neurol 198 136-144... [Pg.140]

Alkaline phosphatase 1 0-1 S years 1 6-20 years Greater than 20 years Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)... [Pg.1545]

Morinaga, T., Yasuda, H., Hashimoto, T Higashio, K., and Tamaoki, T. (1991). A human alpha-fetoprotein enhancer-binding protein, ATBF1, contains four homeodomains and seventeen zinc fingers. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11 6041-6049. [Pg.85]

Lee, D.S.C., and Criffiths, B.W. (1984) Comparative studies of Iodo-Bead and chloramine-T methods for the radioiodination of human alpha-fetoprotein./. Immunol. Meth. 74, 181-189. [Pg.1087]

J.G. Guan, Y.Q. Miao, and J.R. Chen, Prussian blue modified amperometric FIA biosensor one-step immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein. Biosens. Bioelectr. 19, 789-794 (2004). [Pg.461]

Panduro, A., et al., Transcriptional switch from albumin to alpha-fetoprotein and changes in transcription of other genes during carbon tetrachloride induced liver regeneration, Biochemistry, 25, 1986. [Pg.59]

CXi globulins a lipoprotein (apoA) CXi-antitrypsin Alpha fetoprotein CXi acid glycoprotein... [Pg.176]

M. A. Chan, A. C. Bellem, and E. P. Diamandis, Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of alpha-fetoprotein in serum and amniotic fluid with a novel detection system, Clin. Chem. 33, 2000-2003 (1987). [Pg.494]

Alpha-fetoprotein Major protein of fetal serum cancers Hepatocellular... [Pg.198]

Hepatocellular carcinomas Thyroid neoplasms Alpha-fetoprotein... [Pg.428]

Germ cell tumors Chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, placental lactogen, placental alkaline phosphatase... [Pg.428]

Ml. Maiolini, B., and Masseyeff, R., A sandwich method of enzyme immunoassay. I. Application to rat and human alpha-fetoprotein. J. Immunol. Methods 8, 223-234 (1975). [Pg.169]

American Society of Human Genetics, Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening programs and quality control for laboratories performing maternal serum and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein assays Policy statement. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 136(12), 1253-1256 (1987). [Pg.230]

Al. Adinolfl, M., Beck, S., et al, Levels of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluids of mice (curly-tail) with neural tube defects. J. Med. Genet. 13(6), 511-513 (1976). [Pg.231]

Sell, A., Sogaard, H., et al, Serum alpha-fetoprotein as a marker for the effect of post-operative radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy in eight cases of ovarian endodermal sinus tumour. Int. J. Cancer. 18(5), 574-580(1976). [Pg.233]

Kroes, R., Sontag, J.M., Sell, S., Williams, G.M., and Weisburger, J.H. (1975). Elevated concentrations of serum alpha-fetoprotein in rats with chemically induced liver tumors, Cancer Res. 35,1214. [Pg.144]

Nadel, A.S.. et al. Absence of Needs for Amniocentesis in Patients with Elevated Levels of Maternal Serum Alpha-Fetoprotein and Normal Ultrasonographic Examinations, N. Eng. J. Med., 557 (August 30, 1990). [Pg.1639]

A. Ido, K. Nakata, Y. Kato, K. Nakao, K. Murata, M. Fujita, N. Ishii, T. Tamaoki, H. Shiku, and S. Nagataki, Gene therapy for hepatoma cells using a retrovirus vector carrying herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene under the control of human alpha-fetoprotein gene promoter, Cancer Res. 55 3105 (1995). [Pg.282]

F. Kanai, K. H. Lan, Y. Shiratori, T. Tanaka, M. Ohashi, T. Okudaira, Y. Yo-shida, H. Wakimoto, H. Hamada, H. Nakabayashi, T. Tamaoki, and M. Omata, In vivo gene therapy for alpha-fetoprotein-producing hepatocellular carcinoma by adenovirus-mediated transfer of cytosine deaminase gene, Cancer Res. 57 461 (1997). [Pg.282]

C7. Collet-Cassart, D., Magnusson, C. G. M., RatclifFe, J. G., Cambiaso, C. L., and Vias-son, P. L., Automated particle-counting immunoassay for alpha-fetoprotein. Clin. Chem. 27, 64-67 (1981). [Pg.104]

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