Adhesins bacterial

Bacterial adhesin right-hand-twisted, trimeric /8-solenoids with ... 

The precise chemical interactions between an adhesin and its receptor are also important. For example, direct- and water-mediated hydrogen bonds are the most important interactions within the carbohydrate-recognition domain in carbohydrate-binding adhesins on the host cell surface (Weis and Drickamer, 1996). Nonpolar van der Waals interactions and hydrophobic "stacking of the receptor oligosaccharide rings with aromatic amino acid side chains of the bacterial adhesin protein also contribute to oligosaccharide-protein interactions. X-ray structural... 

Many bacterial adhesins and host receptors have been identified and studied in great depth, as described in Section VII. Therefore, with every new adhesin or receptor discovered, a new opportunity arises to develop an anti-adherence mechanism that may inhibit or block the adhesin-receptor interaction, which is the ultimate aim of anfi-adhesion therapy (Kahane and Ofek, 1996 Moricouf et ah, 1990 Ofek and Doyle, 1994). In actual practice, there are several t) es of anfi-adhesive mechanisms including adhesin-based vaccines, innafe hosf-derived anti-adhesives, probiotics, adhesin analogs, and receptor analogs. 

Research aimed at imderstanding bacterial pathogenesis has established the importance of bacterial adherence in disease. This research has led to the identification of a number of both bacterial adhesins and potential host cell receptors. By imderstanding the detailed interactions between a bacterial adhesin and host receptor, it is possible to develop new mechanisms to prevent bacterial adhesion, thereby averting disease. Many promising anti-adhesion mechanisms have been developed and studied, but much more work is needed, both in vitro and in vivo, to establish the feasibility of these mechanisms. 

Recently, Wada et al. (1999) have demonstrated that a daily oral dose of 10 mg of bovine LF for 3-4 weeks to H. pylori-infected mice significantly decreased the number of this bacterium colonising in the stomach. The authors suggested that the glycans present in LF may bind to the bacterial adhesins, thus interfering with the attachment of H. pylori to the epithelial cells. These findings are supported by another mouse model study (Dial et al., 1998), which showed that oral administration of 4 mg of bovine LF per day for 3 weeks reduces gastric urease activity and H. pylori colonisation in the stomach. 

Soto, G E, Hultgren, S J, Bacterial adhesins common themes and variations in architecture and assembly, J. Bacterial., 181, 1059-1071, 1999. 

The study of bacterial adhesins and inva-sins for the application in drug delivery strat- es has recently become the focus of much attention. Paul and colleagues used an invasin fiasion protein system for gene delivery strat- es (59) and Easson and coworkers (60,61) j used a similar approach for intestinal delivery P of nanoparticles. The latter group found that latex microspheres up to 1 jam coupled to mal-I tose-binding protein, which was fused with invasin, can be internalized by MECK cell monolayers (60,61). 

Rowe HA, Griffiths NJ, Hill DJ, Virji M (2007) Co-ordinate action of bacterial adhesins and human carcinoembryonic antigen receptors in enhanced cellular invasion by capsulate serum resistant Neisseria meningitidis. Cell Microbiol 9 154-168... 

Carbohydrate Receptors of Bacterial Adhesins Implications and Reflections... 

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