Screening assays

The brine shrimp (Anemia salina) has been evaluated as an alternative to the mouse bioassay for use in cyanobacterial toxicity screening assays." " " As in the... 

Table 8.2 shows the range of possible 71 values, with comments on their meaning in terms of high-throughput screening assays. 

A similar idea involves the modification of screening assays for the detection of special ligands. For example,... 

HTS is usually carried out it multiwell plates and the industry has settled on certain standard formats. One key standard is that most screening assays are carried out in 96 (8 12) or 384 (16 24) well plates with a standard footprint. This standard is important because most automation is optimized for use with these plates and attendant assay volumes in the 100 pL range. Furthermore, source plates containing test compound are typically stored in a similar configuration, allowing for more efficient transfer of test compound from the source plate to the assay plate. Various types of plates are available to match different assay formats, including... 

Macarron R, Hertzberg RP (2002) Design and implementation of high throughput screening assays. Methods Mol Biol 190 1-29... 

Zhang JH, Chung TD, Oldenburg KR (1999) A simple statistical parameter for use in evaluation and validation of high throughput screening assays. J Biomol Screen 4(2) 67-73... 

Rodgers KE, Leung N, Imamura T, et al. 1986. Rapid in vitro screening assay for immunotoxic effects of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Pestic Biochem Physiol 26 292-301. 

Soto AM, Sonnenschein C, Chung KL, et al. 1995. The E-SCREEN assay as a tool to identify estrogens An update on estrogenic environmental pollutants. Environ Health Perspect 103 (Supp. 

Soto, A.M., Sonnenschein, C., and Chung, K.L. et al. (1995). The E-screen assay as a tool to identify estrogens—an update on estrogenic environmental-pollutants. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 113-122. 

Chance DH, Adam BW, Smith SJ, Alexander JR, Hillman SL, Hannon WH (1999) Validation of accuracy-based amino acid reference materials in dried-blood spots by tandem mass spectrometry for newborn screening assays. Clin Chem 45 1269-1277. 

Assessment and definition of sensitivity are often described for quantitative analysis but are of equal importance for qualitative devices of the dip-stick type that are very popular for farm- or field-based screening assays. Because of the somewhat subjective nature of visually assessed assays, the assay s sensitivity must be validated using a number of observers to determine at what level a test is deemed positive. The number of false positives and false negatives must be carefully determined in order to balance consumer safety and potential economic loss to animal producers. 

Ullmann D (2006) Fluorescence screening assays. In Taylor JB, Triggle DJ (eds) Comprehensive medicinal chemistry II. Elsevier, Oxford, Sect 3.28... 

In some cases one s best guess at physiological conditions does not support sufficient catalytic activity to make a screening assay feasible. In this situation one has no choice but to compromise in favor of more optimal laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, one should attempt, whenever possible, to come as close as feasible to assay conditions that reflect the physiological context in which the target enzyme operates. 

Screening assays were used to study the effects on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity of whole leachate and relative organic and hydrophilic extracts on cell model after 24-72 h of exposure. 

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