Brine shrimp

Unknown until 1950 when E. Haxo isolated it from an edible mushroom Cantharellus cinnabarinus canthaxanthin has since been identified in sea trout, algae, daphnia, salmon, brine shrimp, and several species of flamingo. Crystalline canthaxanthin is prepared synthetically from acetone or P-ionone using procedures similar to those used for -carotene and P-apo-8 -carotenal (55). 

The brine shrimp (Anemia salina) has been evaluated as an alternative to the mouse bioassay for use in cyanobacterial toxicity screening assays." " " As in the... 

Daphnia assay, the brine shrimps are exposed to different concentrations of toxicant, and the toxicity is expressed as the LCjo value. Extracts of cyanobacterial blooms and laboratory cultures, containing microcystins or anatoxin-a, have been found to be toxic towards brine shrimp," and fractionation of such extracts resulted in brine shrimp fatalities only with fractions containing microcystins." " ... 

Brine shrimp Artemia franciscana) DMTC 24-h LC50 148 148 Hadjispyrou et al. (2001)... 

Blust, R., A. Fontaine, and W. Decleir. 1991. Effect of hydrogen ions and inorganic complexing on the uptake of copper by the brine shrimp Artemia franciscana. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 76 273-282. 

Brine shrimp, Artemia sp. 14-1360 Egg hatching significantly reduced in 28... 

Brine shrimp, Artemia salina No adverse effect on survival during exposure for 5 days 18... 

Cunningham, PA. 1976. Effects of dimilin (TH 6040) on reproduction in the brine shrimp, Artemia salina. Environ. Entomol. 5 701-706. 

Horst, M.N. 1981. The biosynthesis of crustacean chitin by a microsomal enzyme from larval brine shrimp. Jour. Biol. Chem. 256 1412-1419. 

CRUSTACEANS Brine shrimp, Artemia saiina acute single exposure ... 

Bastos ML, Lima MR, Conserva LM, Andrade VS, Rocha EM, Lemos RR (2009) Studies on the antimicrobial activity and brine shrimp toxicity of Zeyheria tuberculosa (Veil.) Bur. (Bignoniaceae) extracts and their main constituents. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 8 16. 

Neotropic parrots make daily morning trips to riverside cliffs to eat clay. The clay-licks of Manu National Park in Peru are especially well known (Fig. 11.27). Macaws and parrots visit the clay-lick more often in the dry season when fresh fruit are rare and they have to rely more on seeds with toxic compounds (Brightsmith, 2002). The value of soil was demonstrated using extracts from a variety of ripe and unripe toxic Peruvian seeds that made up the macaw diet. These extracts were less toxic to brine shrimp after mixing them with soil from... 

Other fish species do not respond to predator odors. The threadfin shad, Doro-soma petenense, is strongly attracted to odors of its prey such as brine shrimp [Artemia) or Daphnia spp. but does not respond to those of its predator, the large-mouth bass, M. salmonides, or conspecifics. Both shad and bass swim faster than chemicals travel in water, which may explain this behavior difference (McMahon and Tash, 1979). 

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